PNS, BP and nerves of UL Flashcards
The divisions of the nervous system are ?
CNS and PNS
what makes up the CNS
Brain and spinal cord
what makes up the PNS
Cranial nerves; spinal nerves; peripheral nerves
what two systems make up the peripheral nervous system
Somatic Nervous system (Sensory and motor neurons) and the Autonomic nervous system (Sympathetic and parasympathetic)
generally speaking the soma or body wall consists of derivatives of the?
mesoderm
generally speaking the viscera or organs consists of derivatives of the?
endoderm
generally speaking the Nervous System consists of derivatives of the?
ectoderm
the neural tube develops into the?
Spinal cord
what are the two special sensory visceral systems?
taste and smell
what are the five major special senses
Taste; smell; hearing; equilibrium; vision
why is there an enlargement at the C5 - T1 level?
there is a lot of grey matter due to large number of cell bodies that deal with the motor and sensory inputs from the upper limbs; also there is a lot of white matter that represents all the information from the lower part of the body
as we go up the spinal cord the amount of white matter?
increases
what are the vertebral foramen? What do they make up?
the vertebral foramen is the opening formed by the anterior segment and the posterior part of the vertebral arch; this creates the channel that the spinal cord sits in
what are the three layers of the meninges?
Dura mater; arachnoid; pia mater
in the spinal cord the gray mater is shaped like?
a H
the dorsal root ganglion contains what type of neurons?
sensory
what is a ganglion
a collection of neuronal cell bodies outside the CNS
the anterior root contains what type of fibbers?
Motor
whare are the cell bodies of peripheral motor neurons?
Gray mater of the spinal cord
what are the two types of rami form a spinal nerve?
Posterior and anterior rami
the brachial plexus consists of nerves from what levels?
C5 to T1
how many cervical nerves are there? How many cervical Vertebra Why
8 cervical nerves but only 7 cervical vertebrae; because the convention on how to name the nerves flips at the c7 level to naming the nerve at the level below which it exits
what are the components that make up the brachial plexus?
5 Roots; 3 trunks;6 divisions; 3 cords;
what roots make up the superior trunk
C5 and C6
what roots make up the middle trunk
C7
what roots make up the inferior trunk
C8 and T1
the lateral cord gives rise to what two major nerves of the lower limb?
Musculocutaneous and the median
the posterior cord gives rise to what two major nerves of the lower limb?
axillary and radial
the medial cord gives rise to what two major nerves of the lower limb?
ulnar and median
what are the five major nerves of the upper limb? What are they Vertebra levels supply them?
Axillary (C5 and C6); Radial nerve (C5-T1 All levels); Musculocutaneous nerve (C5-C7); Median Nerve (C5-T1 all levels); Ulnar nerve (C7-T1)
what muscles does the Axillary nerve supply?
Deltoid and teres minor
what muscles does the radial nerve supply?
Posterior arm muscles and the posterolateral muscles of the forearm
radial nerve paralysis major presenting issues is?
Wrist Drop
What muscles does the musculocutaneous nerve supply?
supplies the anterior arm muscles that produce flexion at the elbow
in the upper limb what nerve the anterior compartment muscles are supplied by what nerve? The posterior compartment muscles are supplied by what nerve? The lateral compartment muscles are supplied by what nerve
Anterior: Musculocutaneous; Posterior: Radial; Lateral: Axillary
what muscles does the median nerve supply?
anteromedial muscles of the forearm and the muscles of the thenar eminence
what structures go though the carpal tunnel?
four tendons from the flexor digitorum profundus; four tendons of the flexor digitorum superficialis; and one tendon of the flexor pollicis longus; and the median nerve
median nerve injury can be caused by trauma in what area?
cubital fossa or at the wrist (compression passing through the pronator teres or compression in the carpal tunnel)
that is the major presenting issue with a median nerve injury?
Thenar atrophy; loss of opposition; clawing of the digits II And III
flexion and abduction of the thumb is still possible after a median nerve injury due to what muscles?
Flexor pollicis longus and abductor pollicis longus
what muscles does the ulnar nerve supply?
Flexor carpi ulnaris and the medial half of flexor digitorum profundus; and all the intrinsic muscles of the hand (Except those of the thenar eminence)
the nerve of fine motor control of the hand is what nerve?
Ulnar nerve
