Axial skeleton and trunk

Question 1

how many cervical vertebra? They consists how much of the length?

Answer 1

7 cervical vertebra; 20%

Question 2

how many thoracic vertebra? They consists how much of the length?

Answer 2

12 Thoracic Vertebra; 50%

Question 3

how many lumbar vertebra? They constitutes how much of the length?

Answer 3

5 Lumbar Vertebra; 30% of the length

Question 4

as you descend the spinal cord the vertebra increase or decrease in size?

Answer 4

Increase

Question 5

What are the two definitions of Lordosis?

Answer 5

Normal curvature of the cervical and lumbar regions of the spine; Clinical term meaning an exaggeration of the normal curves

Question 6

what are the two definitions of kyphosis?

Answer 6

Normal curvature of the thoracic region of the spine; clinical term meaning an exaggeration of the normal curve

Question 7

What is Scoliosis?

Answer 7

an abnormal curvature in the frontal or coral plane

Question 8

a vertebra is what kind of bone?

Answer 8

A composite bone

Question 9

what three types of bone make up the vertebra of the spinal cord?

Answer 9

Short bone; Long bone; and flat bone

Question 10

what are the upper two cervical vertebra are called?

Answer 10

Atlas (C1) and axis (C2)

Question 11

a typical cervical vertebra has what identifying feature?

Answer 11

The transverse processes are each pierced by the foramen transversarium; and the spinous process is short and bifid

Question 12

what is the key feature of the Axis?

Answer 12

Dens

Question 13

what are the key features of a thoracic vertebrae>

Answer 13

Costal demifacets (for the ribs); long sloping spinous process

Question 14

where are the primary ossification centres of the vertebra?

Answer 14

Vertebral body; vertebral “neural” arch

Question 15

what are do the spinous process and the transverse process arise from?

Answer 15

Secondary ossification centres

Question 16

describe Spina bifida:

Answer 16

is a developmental congenital disorder caused by the incomplete closing of the embryonic neural tube. Some vertebrae overlying the spinal cord are not fully formed and remain unfused and open. If the opening is large enough; this allows a portion of the spinal cord to protrude through the opening in the bones.

Question 17

describe spina bifida occulta:

Answer 17

The splits in the vertebrae are so small that the spinal cord does not protrude. The skin at the site of the lesion may be normal; or it may have some hair growing from it; there may be a dimple in the skin; or a birthmark.

Question 18

describe scheuermann’s kyphosis

Answer 18

Scheuermann’s disease describes a condition where the vertebrae grow unevenly with respect to the sagittal plane; that is; the anterior angle is often greater than the posterior. This uneven growth results in the signature “wedging” shape of the vertebrae; causing kyphosis.

Question 19

describe what happens to the vertebra in age

Answer 19

loss of horizontal trabecular causes the horizontal trabecular to collapse which leads to the whole vertebra shrinks

Question 20

describe intervertebral motion

Answer 20

Extension and flexion; Lateral flexion to the right or left; Axial rotation

Question 21

what three structures make up the intervertebral disk?

Answer 21

Nucleus pulposus; anulus fibrosus; carilaginous end-plate