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neuromuscular control Flashcards

1
Q

the upper limb is an organ of?

A

Manipulation

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2
Q

what determines the position of the scapula? Name them?

A

Muscles; Trapezius; Serratus Anterior; Pectorals; Latissimus Dorsi; Rhomboids

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3
Q

what can causes winging of the scapula

A

weakness or paralysis of the Serratus anterior

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4
Q

what is a postural muscle

A

a muscle that is active to maintain normal posture

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5
Q

what are the two postural muscles of the shoulder?

A

Trapezius; Supraspinatus

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6
Q

how many heads do the pectorals major have? What are they?

A

two; Clavicular and the sternocostal

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7
Q

what are the rotator cuff muscles? What is there major purpose?

A

infraspinatus; Teres minor; Subscapularis; Supraspinatus; they act as dynamic ligaments to stabilise the glenohumeral joint; during manipulative tasks the rotator cuff muscles act as fixators of the shoulder

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8
Q

the strength of a muscles is determined by what two things?

A

the size of the muscle and the leverage it has

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9
Q

at a very basic level what are the three functions of muscles?

A

Produce torque; movement and stability

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10
Q

at a very basic level what are the two groups of muscles in the forearm?

A

The anteromedial group and the posterolateral group

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11
Q

what are the functions of musculotendinous units?

A

Musculotendinous units act: concentrically to produce movement; isometrically to stabilise joints; eccentrically to control movements

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12
Q

Musculotendinous units also provide what?

A

sensory feedback about muscle length and tendon forces

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13
Q

what are some broad roles of muscles?

A

Agonist; Antagonist; Synergists; Stabilisers; Fixators

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14
Q

what do agonists muscles do? What are the subtypes to this group?

A

muscles that produce the movement; Prime mover (main member of this group; Assistant movers (other members of this group)

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15
Q

What do antagonists muscles do?

A

Muscles that oppose the movement;

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16
Q

what do true synergists muscles do?

A

act to prevent the unwanted actions of the agonists muscles

17
Q

what do co-synergists muscles do?

A

Help each other in one direction but oppose each other in another direction

18
Q

what do Stabilisers muscles do?

A

Stabiles a joint; rather than produce movement

19
Q

what do fixator muscles do?

A

Stabilise proximal joints to provide a stable base for contraction of more distal muscles

20
Q

in the hand what is the refinance point?

A

the third digit

21
Q

in the opposition of the thumb what are the three motions of the thumb?

A

abduction; Rotation; Flexion

22
Q

what are the superficial muscles that connect the axial skeleton and the pectoral girdle? What is there innervation? What CNS level is it at?

A

trapezius: spinal accessory(CN XI); sternocleidomastoid: spinal accessory (CN XI) & ventral rami: C2 C3 C4

23
Q

what are the posterior muscles that connect the axial skeleton and the pectoral girdle? What is there innervation? What CNS level(s) are they at?

A

rhomboideus major: dorsal scapular:C4 C5 ; rhomboideus minor: dorsal scapular:C4 C5; levator scapulae: ventral rami dorsal scapular:C3 C4 C5

24
Q

what are the Anterolateral muscles that connect the axial skeleton and the pectoral girdle? What is there innervation? What CNS level(s) are they at?

A

pectoralis minor: lateral & medial pectoral: C(5) C6 C7 C8 T1; subclavius: nerve to subclavius: C5 C6; serratus anterior: long thoracic: C5 C6 C7

25
Q

what are the muscles connecting the axial skeleton and the humerus? What is there innervation? What CNS level(s) are they at?

A

pectoralis major (sternocostal head): lateral & medial pectoral: C(6) C7 C8 T1: Latissimus Dorsi: thoracodorsal: C6 C7 C8

26
Q

what are the muscles connecting the Pectoral Girdle and the humerus (non-rotator cuff)? What is there innervation? What CNS level(s) are they at?

A

pectoralis major (Clavicular head): lateral & medial pectoral: C5 C6 C(7); deltoideus: axillary: C5 C6; teres major: lower subscapular: C(5) C6 C7; coracobrachialis: musculocutaneous C(5) C6 C7

27
Q

what are the muscles connecting the Pectoral Girdle and the humerus (rotator cuff)? What is there innervation? What CNS level(s) are they at?

A

supraspinatus: suprascapular: C(4) C5 C6 infraspinatus: suprascapular: C(4) C5 C6 teres minor: axillary: C(4) C5 C6 Subscapularis: subscapular: C(5) C6 C7

28
Q

what are the major muscles of the arm? What is there innervation? What CNS level(s) are they at?

A

biceps brachii: musculocutaneous: C5 C6 brachialis: musculocutaneous: C5 C6 triceps brachii: radial: C6 C7 C8

29
Q

what are the major Anteromedial Superficial muscles of the Forearm What is there innervation? What CNS level(s) are they at?

A

pronator teres: median: C6 C7 flexor carpi radialis: median: C6 C7 Palmaris longus: median: C6 C7 C8 flexor carpi ulnaris: ulnar: C7 C8 T1

30
Q

what are the major Anteromedial Deep muscles of the Forearm What is there innervation? What CNS level(s) are they at?

A

pronator quadratus: median: C7 C8 T1

31
Q

what are the major Anteromedial Extrinsic Muscles of Hand (Intermediate & Deep)? What is there innervation? What CNS level(s) are they at?

A

flexor digitorum superficialis: median: C7 C8 T1; flexor digitorum profundus: median (lat) ulnar (med): C(7) C8 T1; flexor pollicis longus: median: C7 C8 T1

32
Q

what are the major Posterolateral superficial muscles of the forearm? What is there innervation? What CNS level(s) are they at?

A

brachioradialis: radial: C5 C6 C7 C(8); extensor carpi radialis longus: radial: C6 C7; extensor carpi radialis brevis: radial: C6 C7 C8; extensor carpi ulnaris: radial: C(6) C7 C8; anconeus: radial: C(6) C7 C8 T1;

33
Q

what are the major Posterolateral Deep muscles of the forearm? What is there innervation? What CNS level(s) are they at?

A

supinator: radial: C(5) C6 C7 C(8)

34
Q

what are the major Posterolateral Extrinsic muscles of the hand (superficial) ? What is there innervation? What CNS level(s) are they at?

A

extensor digitorum: radial: C7 C8 T1; extensor digiti minimi: radial: C(6) C7 C8

35
Q

what are the major Posterolateral Extrinsic muscles of the hand (Deep) ? What is there innervation? What CNS level(s) are they at?

A

abductor pollicis longus: radial: C6 C7 C8; extensor pollicis longus: radial: C(6) C7 C8; extensor pollicis brevis: radial: C(6) C7 C8; extensor indicis: radial: C(6) C7 C8;

36
Q

what is the primary presenting compliant in a Median Nerve Injury?

A

Sensory loss on the lateral portion of the palmar surface of the hand.

Neuro (18 decks)

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