PNS and lymphatics Flashcards
visceral ( unconscious involuntary) motor neurons innervate _____
glands and cardiac smooth muscle
voluntary conscious somatic inniverate
skelatal muscles
Cranial nerves are in the PNS - 12 pairs where do they exit
They exit from posterior cerebrum
peripheral nerves exit through spinal nerves
C1-C8
T1-T12
L1-5
S1-S5
front (afferent)
dorsal / posterior
back (efferent)
anterior. ventricle
rootlet
root
spinal nerve
rami
efferent
rami
spinal nerve
dorsal root ganglion
root
rootlet
afferent
does the ventral root have a ganglion
no
do efferent and afferent both pass through spinal nerve
yes
spinal segment of the ventral.anterior root carries what type of info
motor. efferent only
somatic + visceral
dorsal posterior root
sensory afferent only
somatic + visceral
spinal segment spinal nerve
both
A layer of connective tissue that surrounds axons.
endonerium
The outermost layer of dense, irregular connective tissue surrounding a peripheral nerve.
epinerium
A small bundle of nerve fibers enclosed by the perineurium
fascicles
visceral motor nerve is autonomic or somatic
autonomic
what are the 4 plexus and what do they serve
Cervical Plexus —Serves the Head, Neck and Shoulders.
Brachial Plexus—Serves the Chest, Shoulders, Arms and Hands.
Lumbar Plexus—Serves the Back, Abdomen, Groin, Thighs, Knees, and Calves.
Sacral Plexus—Serves the Pelvis, Buttocks, Genitals, Thighs, Calves, and Feet.
spinal nerve of the cervical segment. It originates from the spinal cord It contributes nerve fibers to the phrenic nerve, the motor nerve to the thoracoabdominal diaphragm
C4
The oculomotor nerve
It allows movement of the eye muscles, constriction of the pupil, focusing the eyes and the position of the upper eyelid. Cranial nerve III works with other cranial nerves to control eye movements and support sensory functioning
C3
Cervical nerve 5 controls the deltoid muscles of your shoulders and your biceps. C5 provides sensation to the upper part of your upper arm down to your elbow
C5
brachial plexus C5-T1 - ventral rami
The musculocutaneous nerve is a terminal branch of the lateral cord of the brachial plexus that carries fibers of cervical spinal nerves five through
C5, C6, C7
The fifth and final level of the brachial plexus are the five nerves that feed the shoulder and arm called “branches.” These five branches are named the
musculocutaneous, axillary, radial, median, and ulnar nerves.
these are innovating upper limbs
Lumbar plexus is
T12-L4
femoral nerve is L2-4
major nerve supplying the anterior compartment of the thigh. the largest branch of the lumbar plexus, and arises from the dorsal divisions of the ventral rami of the second, third, and fourth lumbar nerves (L2, L3, and L4
sacral plexus begins as the anterior fibres of the spinal nerves S1, S2, S3, and S4. They are joined by the 4th and 5th lumbar roots
The sciatic nerve is formed in the lower spine by the combination of
L4-S3
The autonomic system usually is defined as a motor system that innervates three major types of tissue:
cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands
Synapses of the autonomic system are classified as either cholinergic, meaning that acetylcholine (ACh) is released, or adrenergic, meaning that norepinephrine is released.
pre ganglionic is short and post is long
sympathetic
pre ganglionic is long and post is short
parasympathetic
The vagus nerve represents the main component of the
parasympathetic nervous system, which oversees a vast array of crucial bodily functions, including control of mood, immune response, digestion, and heart rat
INCREASE HR AND CONTRACTILITY
INHBITS DIGESTION AND DEFECATION GI
BRONCHI DILATION
BLADDER INHIBITS URINATION
PUPIL DILATION
BLOOD VESSELS INCREASES TONE
GENETALIA EJACULATION
SKIN SWEATING PILOERCTION
SYMPATHETIC
FLIGHT OR FLIGHT
DECREASES HEART RATE
GI PROMOTES DIGESTION AND DEFECATION
BRONCHI CONSTRICTION
BLADDER PROMOTES URINATION
PUPIL CONSTRICTION AND LENS ACCOMMODATE FOR NEAR VISION
GENITALIA ERECTION
PARASYMPATHETIC
REST AND DIGEST
The paravertebral ganglia of the sympathetic chain run on either side of the vertebral bodies and include
the cervical ganglia, thoracic ganglia, lumbar ganglia, and pelvic ganglia.
As part of the sympathetic system, white rami originate from the
thoracolumbar (T1 to L2) vertebral outflows
a neuronal structure which connects the autonomic sympathetic trunk with the anterior ramus of a spinal nerve and allows for the passage of post-ganglionic sympathetic neurons
gray ramus
explain pathway of sympathetic nerves
PARAvertebral aka sympathetic chain ganglia , sympathetic trunk
from the sympathetic trunk:
-exit at the same spinal segment as origination via grey ramus and go to the periphery
-travel up/down the sympathetic trunk to a different spinal segment than origination and exit via the gray ramus to periphery
- travel up / down the sympathetic trunk of leave same segment to visceral organs via splanchnic nerve or cardiopulmonary nerve
PARA vetebral is either or and both side of vertebral column
PRE veterbral ganglia is anterior to
vertebra column
anything thoracic cavity and up will synapse at _____ chain ganglia
sympathetic division (T1-L2 thoracolumbar)
Splanchnic is usually used to describe organs in the abdominal cavity.
splanchic nerves are pre ganglionic they have NOT synapsted yet
cardiopulmanory nerves are ___ ganglionic
post
the superior mesenteric ganglion innervates the small intestine; and the inferior mesenteric ganglion innervates
descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, urinary bladder, and sexual organs
The inferior mesenteric ganglia innervate the hindgut
the distal third of the transverse colon, the descending and sigmoid colon, and the upper two-thirds of the anorectal canal.
Celiac ganglia are nerve bundles located in the upper abdomen as part of the autonomic nervous system that is functionally responsible for
innervating the digestive tract and abdominal visceral tissue
think about traveling nerves
heart thoracic synapse in ____
abdominopelvic synapse at ____
chain ganglia
prevertebral ganglia
anything innvervating thoracic cavity will synapse in
PARA vetebral ganglion which forms the cardiopulmonary nerves
does abdominopelvic cavity synapse?
no it travels and exits at spinal cord it travels along white ramus, exit along splanchnic nerves
what are the three main splanchnic nerve
thoracic: foregut/midgut of abdominal cavity, adrenal gland, kidneys
lumbar: hindgut of abdominal cavity - pelvis
sacral splanchnic - pelvis
The PREvertebral ganglia lie ventral to the aorta and are named for the vessels near which they lie; thus they are called
celiac, superior mesenteric, and inferior mesenteric ganglia.
what does celiac ganglia supply
foregut
superior mesenteric ganglia supplies
midgut
inferior mesenteric ganglia supplies
hindgut
the cells of the adrenal medulla are considered modified sympathetic postganglionic neurons. Instead of a neurotransmitter, these cells release hormones into the blood.
20% of the hormonal output of the adrenal medulla is norepinephrine. The remaining 80% is epinephrine
parasymapthetic exits CNS at cranial and _____
it is ____ neurons
sacral regions
preganglionic
they DO NOT go through para or pre veterbral ganglia
Cranial nerves major contribution of
parasym
innveration to visceral organs comes from CNX vagus nerve
Sacral splanchnic are ____
sympathetic
thoracic lumbar and sacral splanchins synpase
pre vertebral ganglia
thoracic splanchnis are ___
pre ganglionic
Vagus CNS is
preganglionic and parasym
thoracic cavity -cardiopulmonary is ____
post ganglionic
remember that splanchnic nerves are always _____
preganglionic
sensory for reflexes follow parasympathetic but sensory for pain/irritation follow
sympathetic - white ramus to dorsal root
Auerbach plexus is one of two significant components of the enteric nervous system
it is a collection of interconnected neurons that spans from the esophagus to the rectum.
Submucosal plexus (a.k.a. Meissner plexus) refers to a local circuitry of neurons and ganglia which is situated within the gut wall (from esophagus to the rectum). It is situated within
submucosa and innervates the smooth muscle of the gut
state the function of lymphatic tissue
drain interstitial fluid (involved in the metastasis of cancer cells)
transport dietary lipids
protect against invasion
focus on #1 as 10% of plasma fluid does not return into systemic circulation via normal venous return
lymph is unevenly distributed throughout the body it is found everywhere except
avascular tissues like cartilage epidermis cornea of eye
portions of spleen
red bone marrow
what happens when theres increased hydrostatic pressure
reduced capillary oncotic pressure
increased tissue oncotic pressure
increased blood vessel wall pearmeability
obstruction of fluid clearance
changes in water retaining properties of tissue
edema
Anterior cervical: (includes jugulodigastric) drains
posterior pharynx, tonsils, thyroid gland, throat. Classically enlarged in CMV infections, infectious mononucleosis and toxoplasmosis.
Posterior cervical: drains scalp and neck, thorax, cervical and axillary nodes.
Tonsillar: drains tonsils and posterior pharynx.
Submental: drains lower lip, floor of mouth, tip of tongue and cheeks.
Submandibular: drains floor of mouth, submandibular gland, tongue, lips, conjunctivae.
Supraclavicular: drains mediastinum, lungs, esophagus, abdomen via thoracic duct
