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PGA > PNS and lymphatics > Flashcards

PNS and lymphatics Flashcards

1
Q

visceral ( unconscious involuntary) motor neurons innervate _____

A

glands and cardiac smooth muscle

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2
Q

voluntary conscious somatic inniverate

A

skelatal muscles

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3
Q

Cranial nerves are in the PNS - 12 pairs where do they exit

A

They exit from posterior cerebrum

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3
Q

peripheral nerves exit through spinal nerves

A

C1-C8
T1-T12
L1-5
S1-S5

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4
Q

front (afferent)

A

dorsal / posterior

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5
Q

back (efferent)

A

anterior. ventricle

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6
Q

rootlet
root
spinal nerve
rami

A

efferent

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7
Q

rami
spinal nerve
dorsal root ganglion
root
rootlet

A

afferent

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8
Q

does the ventral root have a ganglion

A

no

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8
Q

do efferent and afferent both pass through spinal nerve

A

yes

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9
Q

spinal segment of the ventral.anterior root carries what type of info

A

motor. efferent only
somatic + visceral

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10
Q

dorsal posterior root

A

sensory afferent only
somatic + visceral

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11
Q

spinal segment spinal nerve

A

both

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12
Q

A layer of connective tissue that surrounds axons.

A

endonerium

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13
Q

The outermost layer of dense, irregular connective tissue surrounding a peripheral nerve.

A

epinerium

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13
Q

A small bundle of nerve fibers enclosed by the perineurium

A

fascicles

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14
Q

visceral motor nerve is autonomic or somatic

A

autonomic

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15
Q

what are the 4 plexus and what do they serve

A

Cervical Plexus —Serves the Head, Neck and Shoulders.
Brachial Plexus—Serves the Chest, Shoulders, Arms and Hands.
Lumbar Plexus—Serves the Back, Abdomen, Groin, Thighs, Knees, and Calves.
Sacral Plexus—Serves the Pelvis, Buttocks, Genitals, Thighs, Calves, and Feet.

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16
Q

spinal nerve of the cervical segment. It originates from the spinal cord It contributes nerve fibers to the phrenic nerve, the motor nerve to the thoracoabdominal diaphragm

A

C4

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17
Q

The oculomotor nerve
It allows movement of the eye muscles, constriction of the pupil, focusing the eyes and the position of the upper eyelid. Cranial nerve III works with other cranial nerves to control eye movements and support sensory functioning

A

C3

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18
Q

Cervical nerve 5 controls the deltoid muscles of your shoulders and your biceps. C5 provides sensation to the upper part of your upper arm down to your elbow

A

C5

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19
Q

brachial plexus C5-T1 - ventral rami

A
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20
Q

The musculocutaneous nerve is a terminal branch of the lateral cord of the brachial plexus that carries fibers of cervical spinal nerves five through

A

C5, C6, C7

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21
Q

The fifth and final level of the brachial plexus are the five nerves that feed the shoulder and arm called “branches.” These five branches are named the

A

musculocutaneous, axillary, radial, median, and ulnar nerves.

these are innovating upper limbs

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22
Q

Lumbar plexus is

A

T12-L4

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23
Q

femoral nerve is L2-4

A

major nerve supplying the anterior compartment of the thigh. the largest branch of the lumbar plexus, and arises from the dorsal divisions of the ventral rami of the second, third, and fourth lumbar nerves (L2, L3, and L4

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24
Q

sacral plexus begins as the anterior fibres of the spinal nerves S1, S2, S3, and S4. They are joined by the 4th and 5th lumbar roots

A
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25
Q

The sciatic nerve is formed in the lower spine by the combination of

A

L4-S3

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26
Q

The autonomic system usually is defined as a motor system that innervates three major types of tissue:

A

cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands

27
Q

Synapses of the autonomic system are classified as either cholinergic, meaning that acetylcholine (ACh) is released, or adrenergic, meaning that norepinephrine is released.

A
28
Q

pre ganglionic is short and post is long

A

sympathetic

29
Q

pre ganglionic is long and post is short

A

parasympathetic

30
Q

The vagus nerve represents the main component of the

A

parasympathetic nervous system, which oversees a vast array of crucial bodily functions, including control of mood, immune response, digestion, and heart rat

31
Q

INCREASE HR AND CONTRACTILITY
INHBITS DIGESTION AND DEFECATION GI
BRONCHI DILATION
BLADDER INHIBITS URINATION
PUPIL DILATION
BLOOD VESSELS INCREASES TONE
GENETALIA EJACULATION
SKIN SWEATING PILOERCTION

A

SYMPATHETIC
FLIGHT OR FLIGHT

32
Q

DECREASES HEART RATE
GI PROMOTES DIGESTION AND DEFECATION
BRONCHI CONSTRICTION
BLADDER PROMOTES URINATION
PUPIL CONSTRICTION AND LENS ACCOMMODATE FOR NEAR VISION
GENITALIA ERECTION

A

PARASYMPATHETIC
REST AND DIGEST

33
Q

The paravertebral ganglia of the sympathetic chain run on either side of the vertebral bodies and include

A

the cervical ganglia, thoracic ganglia, lumbar ganglia, and pelvic ganglia.

34
Q

As part of the sympathetic system, white rami originate from the

A

thoracolumbar (T1 to L2) vertebral outflows

35
Q

a neuronal structure which connects the autonomic sympathetic trunk with the anterior ramus of a spinal nerve and allows for the passage of post-ganglionic sympathetic neurons

A

gray ramus

36
Q

explain pathway of sympathetic nerves
PARAvertebral aka sympathetic chain ganglia , sympathetic trunk

A

from the sympathetic trunk:

-exit at the same spinal segment as origination via grey ramus and go to the periphery
-travel up/down the sympathetic trunk to a different spinal segment than origination and exit via the gray ramus to periphery
- travel up / down the sympathetic trunk of leave same segment to visceral organs via splanchnic nerve or cardiopulmonary nerve

37
Q

PARA vetebral is either or and both side of vertebral column

PRE veterbral ganglia is anterior to

A

vertebra column

38
Q

anything thoracic cavity and up will synapse at _____ chain ganglia

A

sympathetic division (T1-L2 thoracolumbar)

39
Q

Splanchnic is usually used to describe organs in the abdominal cavity.

A

splanchic nerves are pre ganglionic they have NOT synapsted yet

40
Q

cardiopulmanory nerves are ___ ganglionic

A

post

41
Q

the superior mesenteric ganglion innervates the small intestine; and the inferior mesenteric ganglion innervates

A

descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, urinary bladder, and sexual organs

42
Q

The inferior mesenteric ganglia innervate the hindgut

A

the distal third of the transverse colon, the descending and sigmoid colon, and the upper two-thirds of the anorectal canal.

43
Q

Celiac ganglia are nerve bundles located in the upper abdomen as part of the autonomic nervous system that is functionally responsible for

A

innervating the digestive tract and abdominal visceral tissue

44
Q

think about traveling nerves
heart thoracic synapse in ____

abdominopelvic synapse at ____

A

chain ganglia

prevertebral ganglia

45
Q

anything innvervating thoracic cavity will synapse in

A

PARA vetebral ganglion which forms the cardiopulmonary nerves

46
Q

does abdominopelvic cavity synapse?

A

no it travels and exits at spinal cord it travels along white ramus, exit along splanchnic nerves

47
Q

what are the three main splanchnic nerve

A

thoracic: foregut/midgut of abdominal cavity, adrenal gland, kidneys

lumbar: hindgut of abdominal cavity - pelvis

sacral splanchnic - pelvis

48
Q

The PREvertebral ganglia lie ventral to the aorta and are named for the vessels near which they lie; thus they are called

A

celiac, superior mesenteric, and inferior mesenteric ganglia.

49
Q

what does celiac ganglia supply

A

foregut

50
Q

superior mesenteric ganglia supplies

A

midgut

51
Q

inferior mesenteric ganglia supplies

A

hindgut

52
Q

the cells of the adrenal medulla are considered modified sympathetic postganglionic neurons. Instead of a neurotransmitter, these cells release hormones into the blood.

A

20% of the hormonal output of the adrenal medulla is norepinephrine. The remaining 80% is epinephrine

53
Q

parasymapthetic exits CNS at cranial and _____
it is ____ neurons

A

sacral regions
preganglionic

they DO NOT go through para or pre veterbral ganglia

54
Q

Cranial nerves major contribution of

A

parasym
innveration to visceral organs comes from CNX vagus nerve

55
Q

Sacral splanchnic are ____

A

sympathetic

56
Q

thoracic lumbar and sacral splanchins synpase

A

pre vertebral ganglia

57
Q

thoracic splanchnis are ___

A

pre ganglionic

58
Q

Vagus CNS is

A

preganglionic and parasym

59
Q

thoracic cavity -cardiopulmonary is ____

A

post ganglionic

60
Q

remember that splanchnic nerves are always _____

A

preganglionic

61
Q

sensory for reflexes follow parasympathetic but sensory for pain/irritation follow

A

sympathetic - white ramus to dorsal root

62
Q

Auerbach plexus is one of two significant components of the enteric nervous system

A

it is a collection of interconnected neurons that spans from the esophagus to the rectum.

63
Q

Submucosal plexus (a.k.a. Meissner plexus) refers to a local circuitry of neurons and ganglia which is situated within the gut wall (from esophagus to the rectum). It is situated within

A

submucosa and innervates the smooth muscle of the gut

64
Q

state the function of lymphatic tissue

A

drain interstitial fluid (involved in the metastasis of cancer cells)
transport dietary lipids
protect against invasion

focus on #1 as 10% of plasma fluid does not return into systemic circulation via normal venous return

65
Q

lymph is unevenly distributed throughout the body it is found everywhere except

A

avascular tissues like cartilage epidermis cornea of eye
portions of spleen
red bone marrow

66
Q

what happens when theres increased hydrostatic pressure

reduced capillary oncotic pressure

increased tissue oncotic pressure

increased blood vessel wall pearmeability

obstruction of fluid clearance

changes in water retaining properties of tissue

A

edema

67
Q

Anterior cervical: (includes jugulodigastric) drains

A

posterior pharynx, tonsils, thyroid gland, throat. Classically enlarged in CMV infections, infectious mononucleosis and toxoplasmosis.

68
Q

Posterior cervical: drains scalp and neck, thorax, cervical and axillary nodes.
Tonsillar: drains tonsils and posterior pharynx.
Submental: drains lower lip, floor of mouth, tip of tongue and cheeks.

A

Submandibular: drains floor of mouth, submandibular gland, tongue, lips, conjunctivae.
Supraclavicular: drains mediastinum, lungs, esophagus, abdomen via thoracic duct

PGA (9 decks)

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