osteology and joints Flashcards

1
Q

blood cells are produced by

A

bone marrow

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2
Q

what serve as a mineral storage area

A

bones

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3
Q

how many bones in body

A

206

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4
Q

what are the two sections bones are divided in

A

Axial skeleton
Bones that support and protect the organs of the
head neck and trunk

Appendicular skeleton
Bones that anchor the appendages to the axial
skeleton

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5
Q

the skull sternum ribs and vertebral column are part of what

A

axial skeleton

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6
Q

The upper
extremities
The lower extremities
The shoulder girdle
The pelvic girdle

A

appendicular skeleton

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7
Q

bone forming cells

A

osteoblasts

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8
Q

resorb or break down bone

A

osteoclasts

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9
Q

mature bone cells

A

osteocytes

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10
Q

Dense bone that
forms the outer
shell of all bones
(80% of bone)
Leads to greater
strength and
rigidity

A

compact bone

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11
Q

Less dense than compact bone
Consists of spicules of bone enclosing cavities
containing blood-forming cells
Most bone contains both kinds of bone, and are
eventually classified by shape

A

spongy bone

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12
Q

know 22 bones !!!!

A

Cranium (skull)
Mandible (jaw)
Sternum
Ribs
llium (largest upper most part of hip)
sacrum
Pubis
Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges
Tarsals
Metatarsals
Phalanges

Clavicle
Scapula
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Femur
Patella
Tibia
Fiibula

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13
Q

describe long bone

A

Longer than they are wide
Long shaft, with two bulky ends
Primarily compact bone, with
some spongy at the ends
Humerus and femu

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14
Q

describe short bone

A

Cuboidal- vertical and
horizontal dimensions
roughly equal
Primarily spongy bone,
with a thin outer layer of
compact bone
Bones of the wrist and
ankle

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15
Q

describe flat bone

A

Thin, flat sheets
Two compact bone plates separated by spongy
bone
Bones of the skull
Skull and sternum

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16
Q

describe irregular. bones

A

Bones that don’t fit into the above three
categories
Usually spongy bone covered in small compact
sheath
Bones of the face and vertebra and pelvic

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17
Q

does cartilage support soft tissue

A

yes

17
Q

what are sesamoid bones

A

Round or oval bones
Found in locations where a tendon passes over a
joint
Hand, knee, and the foot
Act to protect the tendon and joint and increase
its mechanical effect

18
Q

Provide a smooth, gliding surface for bone
articulations at joints
Enable the development and growth of long
bones

A

cartilage

19
Q

Consists of extracellular fibers embedded in a
matrix
The amount and kind of extracellular fibers in the
matrix varies depending on the type
In weightbearing areas the amount of collagen is
greatly increased
The cartilage is inextensible
In areas of less stress, cartilage containing
elastic fibers and fewer collagen fibers is
common

A
20
Q

describe plane joints

A

Allows the sliding or
gliding movements when
one bone moves across
the surface of another
Surfaces are usually flat
Acromioclavicular

21
Q

describe hinge joints

A

Allow movement around one
axis that passes transversely
through the joint
Permits flexion and extension
Humeroular joint (elbow)

22
Q

Allow movement around
one axis that passes
longitudinally along the
shaft of the bone
Permits rotation
Atlanto-axial joint

A

pivotal trochoid joints

23
Q

what joints do this Permit flexion, extension,
abduction, adduction, and
circumduction (limited)
Wrist (radiocarpal)

A

ellipsoidal joints

24
Q

what joints do this Distinct convex surfaces
articulate with concave
surfaces
Allow movement around
two axes that are at right
angles to each othe

A

ellipsoidal joints

25
Q

which joints allow movement around two axes that are right angles to eachother

A

saddle joints

26
Q

The articular surfaces are
saddle shaped (reciprocally
concavoconvex)

A

saddle joints

27
Q

Permit flexion, extension,
abduction, adduction and
circumduction

A

saddle joints

28
Q

Carpometacarpal joint of the
thumb

A

saddle joint

29
Q

which joints allow movement around multiple axes

A

ball and socket joints

30
Q

which joints permit flexion extension abduction, adduction,
circumduction, and
rotation and include
Hip and shoulder joint

A

ball socket joints

31
Q

Connections between skeletal elements where
the adjacent surfaces are link together either by
fibrous connective tissue or by cartilage

A

solid joints

32
Q

what joints movement is usually restricted

A

solid joints

32
Q

whats it called where the skeletal elements are connected by fibrous connective tissue

A

fibrous joints (synarthroses)

33
Q

Occur only in the skull
Adjacent bones are linked
by a thin layer of
connective tissue

A

sutures
sutural ligament

34
Q

what is “peg and socket”

Occurs between teeth
and adjecent bone
Short collagen tissue
fibers run between the
root of the tooth and the
bony socket

A

gomphoses

35
Q

what are syndesomoses

A

Two adjacent bones
linked by a ligament
Radius and ulna
Ligamentum flavum
(connects adjacent
vertebral laminae

36
Q

Type of solid joint that connect skeletal elements by cartilage

A

cartliaginous joints

37
Q

Primary Cartilaginous joint
Two ossification centers in a developing bone

A

Synchondroses

38
Q

Ossified centers are interconnected via cartilage
Usually occur in the midline
Pubic symphysis and intervertebral discs

A

secondary cartilaginous joints

symphyses