osteology and joints Flashcards
blood cells are produced by
bone marrow
what serve as a mineral storage area
bones
how many bones in body
206
what are the two sections bones are divided in
Axial skeleton
Bones that support and protect the organs of the
head neck and trunk
Appendicular skeleton
Bones that anchor the appendages to the axial
skeleton
the skull sternum ribs and vertebral column are part of what
axial skeleton
The upper
extremities
The lower extremities
The shoulder girdle
The pelvic girdle
appendicular skeleton
bone forming cells
osteoblasts
resorb or break down bone
osteoclasts
mature bone cells
osteocytes
Dense bone that
forms the outer
shell of all bones
(80% of bone)
Leads to greater
strength and
rigidity
compact bone
Less dense than compact bone
Consists of spicules of bone enclosing cavities
containing blood-forming cells
Most bone contains both kinds of bone, and are
eventually classified by shape
spongy bone
know 22 bones !!!!
Cranium (skull)
Mandible (jaw)
Sternum
Ribs
llium (largest upper most part of hip)
sacrum
Pubis
Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges
Tarsals
Metatarsals
Phalanges
Clavicle
Scapula
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Femur
Patella
Tibia
Fiibula
describe long bone
Longer than they are wide
Long shaft, with two bulky ends
Primarily compact bone, with
some spongy at the ends
Humerus and femu
describe short bone
Cuboidal- vertical and
horizontal dimensions
roughly equal
Primarily spongy bone,
with a thin outer layer of
compact bone
Bones of the wrist and
ankle
describe flat bone
Thin, flat sheets
Two compact bone plates separated by spongy
bone
Bones of the skull
Skull and sternum
describe irregular. bones
Bones that don’t fit into the above three
categories
Usually spongy bone covered in small compact
sheath
Bones of the face and vertebra and pelvic
does cartilage support soft tissue
yes
what are sesamoid bones
Round or oval bones
Found in locations where a tendon passes over a
joint
Hand, knee, and the foot
Act to protect the tendon and joint and increase
its mechanical effect
Provide a smooth, gliding surface for bone
articulations at joints
Enable the development and growth of long
bones
cartilage
Consists of extracellular fibers embedded in a
matrix
The amount and kind of extracellular fibers in the
matrix varies depending on the type
In weightbearing areas the amount of collagen is
greatly increased
The cartilage is inextensible
In areas of less stress, cartilage containing
elastic fibers and fewer collagen fibers is
common
describe plane joints
Allows the sliding or
gliding movements when
one bone moves across
the surface of another
Surfaces are usually flat
Acromioclavicular
describe hinge joints
Allow movement around one
axis that passes transversely
through the joint
Permits flexion and extension
Humeroular joint (elbow)
Allow movement around
one axis that passes
longitudinally along the
shaft of the bone
Permits rotation
Atlanto-axial joint
pivotal trochoid joints
what joints do this Permit flexion, extension,
abduction, adduction, and
circumduction (limited)
Wrist (radiocarpal)
ellipsoidal joints
what joints do this Distinct convex surfaces
articulate with concave
surfaces
Allow movement around
two axes that are at right
angles to each othe
ellipsoidal joints
which joints allow movement around two axes that are right angles to eachother
saddle joints
The articular surfaces are
saddle shaped (reciprocally
concavoconvex)
saddle joints
Permit flexion, extension,
abduction, adduction and
circumduction
saddle joints
Carpometacarpal joint of the
thumb
saddle joint
which joints allow movement around multiple axes
ball and socket joints
which joints permit flexion extension abduction, adduction,
circumduction, and
rotation and include
Hip and shoulder joint
ball socket joints
Connections between skeletal elements where
the adjacent surfaces are link together either by
fibrous connective tissue or by cartilage
solid joints
what joints movement is usually restricted
solid joints
whats it called where the skeletal elements are connected by fibrous connective tissue
fibrous joints (synarthroses)
Occur only in the skull
Adjacent bones are linked
by a thin layer of
connective tissue
sutures
sutural ligament
what is “peg and socket”
Occurs between teeth
and adjecent bone
Short collagen tissue
fibers run between the
root of the tooth and the
bony socket
gomphoses
what are syndesomoses
Two adjacent bones
linked by a ligament
Radius and ulna
Ligamentum flavum
(connects adjacent
vertebral laminae
Type of solid joint that connect skeletal elements by cartilage
cartliaginous joints
Primary Cartilaginous joint
Two ossification centers in a developing bone
Synchondroses
Ossified centers are interconnected via cartilage
Usually occur in the midline
Pubic symphysis and intervertebral discs
secondary cartilaginous joints
symphyses
