cardiovascular system overview Flashcards
four chambered pump
heart
closed network of tubes that transport the blood
blood vessels
transport blood away from heart
arteries
transport blood towards the heart
veins
smallest of the vessels, allow for exchange within tissue
capillaries
all vessels contain
Tunica externa (adventitia)- outer most connective
tissue
* Tunica media- middle smooth muscle layer
* Tunica intima- inner endothelial lining
major differences between arteries v vein
tunica media are thin in veins
* Lumen diameter is large
* Valves are present in veins
Chronic inflammation reaction in the walls of the
arteries
* Decreases the blood flow downstream
* The importance of ____ and its effects
depend upon which vessel is affected
atherosclerosis
The heart is a four chambered pump (acts as two separate pumps)
two atria and two ventricles
heart Pumps blood to two different circulation systems
systemic cirulation and pulmonary circulation
Great vessels
* Towards the heart: Superior vena cava (SVC), Inferior vena cava (IVC),
Pulmonary veins
- Away from the heart: Pulmonary trunk, Aorta
When the subclavian passes under the clavicle, it becomes the
axillary
Axillary branches to become the brachial
- Near the elbow the brachial divides to become the radial and
ulna
A fusion of two or more arteries or veins
without a n intervening capillary bed
anastomoses
when is allen test done
Done before drawing arteriole
blood, gives confirmation that the
ulnar and radial arteries are open
and working
of veins drains the
thoracic walls, it is made up by:
* Azygos on the right
* Hemiazygos on the inferior left
* Accessory hemiazygos on the superior left
* The azygos drains into the SVC
Azygos system
abdominal aorta
Anterior branches-
* Feed the GI tract
* Lateral branches-
- Feed everything else in the
abdomen - Kidneys, gonads, and walls
anterior branches
Celiac trunk- branches quickly and
feeds the foregut
* Superior mesenteric artery- feeds the
midgut
* Inferior mesenteric artery- feeds the
hindgu
Esophagus, stomach, duodenum (up
until the major duodenal papilla), liver,
pancreas gallbladder, spleen
foregut
The rest of the duodenum, jejunum,
ileum, cecum, ascending colon, first 2/3
of the transverse colon
midgut
- Last 1/3 of the transverse colon,
descending colon, sigmoid colon,
superior rectum
hindgut
Renal arteries
* Gonadal arteries
* Lumbar arteries
major lateral branches
terminal branching of the aorta happens in the
pelvis
vascular network in which blood is
collected by one set of capillaries, passes through a
vein to another set of capillaries before returning to
the systemic circulation
portal system
blood fed by the anterior branches will ultimately
drain into the liver BEFORE going to the IVC
portal blood
The portal vein drains into
liver, the hepatic
vein will drain FROM the liver into the IVC.
whats portosystemic anastomoses
Areas of the body that are both
drained by portal veins, and veins in
the systemic circulation
increased pressure in the portal system can cause a back up of blood and pushes the blood into
into the system
three primary areas of clinical concern
Esophagus
* Rectum
* Umbilicus
pelvic blood flow
external iliac artery primarily feeds
the lower limb
When the external iliac artery crosses the
inguinal ligament it becomes the
femoral artery
internal iliac artery feeds the pelvis and
reproductive organs, gluteal region,
and inner thighs
The femoral artery passes into the
popliteal fossa and becomes the popliteal
artery
artery branches into the
Anterior tibial and Posterior tibial artery
the popliteal
The Anterior tibial artery becomes the
Dorsalis pedis artery (clinical pulse point)
