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PGA > muscles gluteal and lower limbs > Flashcards

muscles gluteal and lower limbs Flashcards

1
Q

Between Iliac crest & bottom of
buttock
* Posterior and lateral to pelvis
bone
* Nerve pass through gluteal
region to lower limb.

A

gluteal region

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2
Q

transition points on the leg

A

Similar to Upper Limb, 3 transition
points where nerves, blood vessels
and lymphatics pass through to the
distal limb.

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3
Q

Extensors, Rotators, and
Abductors of the hip joint

A

muscles of gluteal region

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4
Q

know the actions of the lower limbs

A
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5
Q

flexors of the hip joint at muscles of which region

A

gluteal

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5
Q

superficial gluteal region consists of ____

A

gluteus maximus

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6
Q

whats a large superficial muscle in posterior
gluteal region
* A broad origin extending from the
ilium the dorsal surface of the lower
sacrum and the lateral surface of
the coccyx also attached to fascia
overlying the gluteus medius

A

gluteaus maximus

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7
Q

what
* Inserts in fascia lata and femur
* Extensor of thigh from seated
position
* Innervated by inferior gluteal nerve
(Lumbosacral plexus)

A

gluteaus maximus

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8
Q

describe tensor fascia latae in terms of its role in extending the knee

A

Stabilizes the knee in extension by acting
on a specialized longitudinal band of deep
fascia (the iliotibial tract) that passes
down the lateral side of the thigh to
attach to the proximal end of the tibia in
the leg.

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9
Q

whats the lliotibal band syndrome

A

Inflammation of the IT band as a result
of overuse
* Develops in response to repeated
compression on the outside of the knee
or swelling of the fat pad between the
bone and the tendon on the side of the
knee
* Often found in runners/cyclists

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10
Q

originates from
the external surface of the ilium,
between the inferior gluteal line
and the anterior gluteal line. The
muscle fibers converge inferiorly
and laterally to form a tendon,
which inserts greater trochanter of
the Femur.

A

gluteaus minimus

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11
Q

what is innervated by the superior guteal nerve (lumbosacral plexus )

A

gluteus minimus

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12
Q

what overlies gluteus minimus

A

gluteus medius

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13
Q

what is fan shaped and Broad
origin from the external surface of the
ilium and inserts on the greater trochanter
of the Femur

A

gluteaus medius

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14
Q

which muscles abduct the lower limb at the hip joint and
reduce pelvic drop over the opposite
swing limb during walking by securing the
position of the pelvis on the stance limb.

A

gluteaus medius and minimus

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15
Q

what is innervated by superior gluteal nerve
(Lumbosacral plexus).

A

gluteaus medius

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16
Q

this occurs in people with weak or paralyzed
abductor muscles (gluteus medius and gluteus minimus) of the hip

A

Trendelenburg’s sign

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17
Q

what sign is demonstrated by asking the patient to stand on one limb.
When the patient stands on the affected limb, the pelvis severely
drops over the swing limb.
* Positive signs are typically found in patients with damage to the
superior gluteal nerve

A

Trendelenburg’s Sign

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18
Q

which muscle is most superior of
the deep group of muscles and is a muscle
of the pelvic wall and of the gluteal region

  • think deep gluteal region
A

piriformis

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19
Q

what originates on the sacrum and passes
laterally and inferiorly through the greater
sciatic foramen. Inserts on the Femur

A

piriformis

its in the deep gluteal region

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20
Q

what divides greater sciatic foramen
Causes lateral rotation of thigh
Innervated by sacral plexus

A

piriformis

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21
Q

which muscles originate on the posterior abdominal wall
and descend into the upper part of the
anterior compartment of the thigh

A

psoas major and iliacus

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22
Q

illiapsoas muscle

A

A powerful flexor of the thigh at the hip
joint and lateral rotation of the thigh.

  • The psoas major is innervated by anterior
    rami of L1 to L3 and iliacus is innervated by
    femoral nerve
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23
Q

femoral nerve is located in L2-4 what does its distribution include

A

quadriceps sartorius pectineus illoposas muscles

skin of the antermedial thigh and medial surface of the leg and foot

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24
Q

obturator nerve is located in L2-4 what does its distribution include

A

gracillis and adductor magnus brevis and longus muscles
skin from the medial surface of the thigh

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25
Q

semimembranous
semitendinosus
adductor magnus muscles
branches into tibial and fibular nerves

A

sciatic L4-S2

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26
Q

passes below
piriformis deep to gluteus maximus
traveling to posterior thigh, leg &
foot.
* Very important nerve passing in
inferior medial quadrant of buttocks

A

sciatic nerve

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27
Q

what is the site for an intramuscular injection

A

gluteal region
important to avoid sciatic nerve when doing this

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28
Q

passes below
piriformis in greater sciatic foramen
and enters perineum

A

pudendal nerve

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29
Q

what is the safest place to inject intramuscular injection

A

upper outer quadrant of either
gluteal region

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30
Q

know femoral triangle

A
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31
Q

think innervation of lower limb

where does femoral nerve innervate

A

anterior thigh

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32
Q

where does obturaator nerve innervate

A

medial thigh

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33
Q

sciatic nerve innervates what

A

posterior thigh leg and foot

34
Q

tibial nerve innervates

A

posterior leg and foot

35
Q

common fibular nerve innervates

A

anterior and lateral leg, foot

36
Q

know compartments of the thighslide 27

A
37
Q

what is compartment syndrome

A

when there is swelling
within a fascial enclosed muscle compartment in the
limbs

38
Q

what are some causes of compartment syndrome

A

limb trauma, intracompartment
hemorrhage, and limb compression.
* As pressure within the compartment elevates, capillary
blood flow and tissue perfusion is compromised, which can ultimately lead to neuromuscular damage if not treated.

39
Q

anterior compartment Sartorius & Quadriceps
Femoris—(vastus medialis,
intermedius, and lateralis and
rectus femoris)

A
40
Q

The large quadriceps
femoris muscle consists of three
vastus muscles

A

vastus medialis,
vastus intermedius, and vastus
lateralis) and the rectus femoris
muscle.
* Innervated by Femoral Nerve

41
Q

muscle crosses both
the hip and the knee joints

A

rectus femoris

42
Q

rectus femoris has two tendinous heads of origin
from the pelvic bone:

A

From the anterior inferior iliac spine
(straight head)
2. The other from the ilium superior to
the acetabulum

43
Q

the ________ tendon
continues below the patella to form the
_________ and is attached above
to the patella and below to the tibia

A

quadriceps femoris

patella ligament and is attached above
to the patella and below to the tibia

44
Q

originate from the
femur, attaches first to the patella by
the quadriceps femoris tendon and
then to the tibia by the patellar
ligament

A

vastus muscles

44
Q

rectus femoris extends

A

knee and flexes hip

45
Q

The vastus medialis is most medial
* The vastus intermedius is in the
center
* The vastus lateralis is the largest of
the vastus muscles and most lateral.
* All extend ______ (not hip)

A

knee

46
Q

____ meaning tailor

A

sartorius

46
Q

which muscle is most
superficial muscle in the anterior
compartment of the thigh and is a
long strap-like muscle that
descends obliquely through the
thigh from the iliac spine to the
medial surface of the tibia

A

sartorius muscle

47
Q

which muscle Flexes knee & hip, lateral rotation
& abduction of hip.
* Innervated by the femoral nerve.

A

sartorius

48
Q

gracilis,
pectineus, adductor longus,
adductor brevis, adductor magnus,
and obturator externus

A

medial compartment of the thigh

49
Q

gracilis,
pectineus, adductor longus,
adductor brevis, adductor magnus,
and obturator externus

A

mainly adduct
the thigh at the hip joint; the
adductor muscles also medially
rotate the thigh.
* Obturator externus is a lateral
rotator of the thigh at the hip joint.
* Most innervated by the obturator
nerve

50
Q

innervated by the
femoral nerve, part of the adductor
magnus innervated by the sciatic
nerve

A

pectineus

51
Q

posterior compartment of lower limbs has three muscles called “hamstrings”

A

Semitendinosus
* Semimembranosus
* Biceps femoris
* Innervated by sciatic nerve

52
Q

Forms a long tendon, which lies on the
semimembranosus muscle and curves around the
medial condyle of the tibia and inserts into the
medial surface of the tibia.

A

semitendinosus

53
Q

medial to the biceps
femoris muscle. It originates with the long head of
the biceps femoris muscle from the ischial
tuberosity.

A

semitendinosus

54
Q

Flexes the leg at the knee joint and extends the thigh
at the hip joint. Also medially rotates the thigh at the
hip joint and medially rotates the leg at the knee
joint.

A

semitendinosus

55
Q

Innervated by the tibial nerve (sciatic nerve).

A

semitendinosus

56
Q

muscle is lateral in the posterior
compartment of the thigh and has two heads – long
head & short head

A

biceps femoris

57
Q

biceps femoris

A

Fibers from the two heads form a tendon, which is
palpable on the lateral side of the distal thigh. The
main part of the tendon inserts into the lateral
surface of the fibul

58
Q

Flexes the leg at the knee joint. The long head also
extends and laterally rotates the hip. When the knee
is partly flexed, the biceps femoris can laterally rotate
the leg at the knee joint
* Innervated by Sciatic nerve

A

biceps femoris

59
Q

common source of pain in athletes,
particularly in those competing in sports
such as sprinting, track and field, football
by injury from excessive stretching

A

injury to the hamstring muscles

The injury can range from a mild muscle
strain to a complete tear of a muscle or a
tendon.
* Both ultrasound and MRI can be used to
assess the hamstring injur

60
Q

major contents are the
popliteal artery,
the popliteal vein,
and the tibial and
common fibular
nerves (sciatic
nerve)

A

popliteal fossa

60
Q

Pes Anserinus
On Medial Knee

A
  • Gracilis – medial compartment
  • Semitendinosus – posterior
    compartment
  • Sartorius – Anterior compartment
61
Q

muscles in the _____ compartment predominantly evert the foot

A

lateral

62
Q

muscles in the ____ compartment dorsiflex the foot and extend the digits

A

anterior

63
Q

muscles in the ____ compartment plantarflex the foot and flex the digits

A

posterior

64
Q

know leg compartments slide 44 lower limbs

A
65
Q

know superficial muscles slide 45

A
66
Q

the most superficial
and one of the largest muscles in the leg.
Originates from two heads, one lateral and one
medial, form the ‘calf

A

gastrocnemius muscle

67
Q

Origin on posterior femur
* Muscle fibers converge with deeper soleus
muscle to form the calcaneal tendon which
attaches to the calcaneus (heel) of the foot

A

gastrocnemius

68
Q

The gastrocnemius plantarflexes the foot at the
ankle joint and can also flex

A

the lg at the knee joint

innervated by the tibial nerve

69
Q

small muscle belly and
a long thin tendon, which descends and
joins the calcaneal tendon. Origin on the
femur inserts at calcaneus

A

plantaris

posterior superficial muscle

70
Q

Causes plantarflexion of the foot at the
ankle joint and flexion of the leg at the
knee joint.
* Innervated by the tibial nerve.

A

plantaris

71
Q

large flat muscle
under the gastrocnemius muscle. It is
attached to the proximal ends of the
fibula and tibia

A

soleus

72
Q

lower leg, _____ muscle
narrows to join the calcaneal tendon
that attaches to the calcaneus.
* Also plantarflexes the foot at the
ankle joint.
* It is innervated by the tibial nerve

A

soleus

73
Q

popliteus,
flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum
longus, and tibialis posterior

A

four muscles in the deep posterior compartment of the leg

74
Q

muscle acts on the knee,
whereas the other three muscles act
mainly on the foot.
Innervated by the tibial nerve

A

popliteus

75
Q

Inversion and plantarflexion (weak)

A

Tibialis posterior

76
Q

Tendons extend into plantar
surface to phalanges
* Flexion of toes

A

Flexor digitorum longus and hallucis
longus

77
Q

Fibularis longus and brevis
* Eversion of ankle

A

lateral compartment

78
Q

Attaches to medial
foot
* Dorsiflexion and
inversion of foot

A

tibialis anterior

79
Q

hallucis
longus
* Dorsiflexion and
extension of toes

A

Extensor digitorum
longus

80
Q

intrinsic and extrinsic muscle control
* Innervation from tibial and common fibular nerve
branches
* Arterial arch of blood supply
* Tarsal tunnel
* Posterior tibial artery
* Tibial nerv

A

foot

PGA (9 decks)

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