Muscles Back and Upper limb

Question 1

extrinsic muscles innervated by ____ of spinal nerves or CNx vagus

Answer 1

anterioir rami of spinal nerves

Question 2

intrinsic muscles true back muscles innverated by _____

Answer 2

posterior rami of spinal nerves

Question 3

origin on ligamentum nuchae and vertebrae (Cl -txll) inserts on scapula and clavicle

Answer 3

trapezies

Question 4

what is latissimus dorsi

Answer 4

large, flat triangular muscle orgin in lower spine , insertion on humerous anteriorly

Question 5

trapeziues is innervated by

Answer 5

accessory nerve CN XI and C3&$

Question 6

Extension, Adduction & Medial Rotation of
arm (swimming butterfly)
* Innervated by nerve of Brachial Plexus

Answer 6

latissimus dorsi

Question 7

superficial back muscles (deep extrinsic)

Answer 7

Levator scapulae – vertebrae to
scapula - elevates scapula
* Rhomboid minor and rhomboid
major pull the scapula toward the
vertebral column
* Innervated by nerve of Brachial
Plexus

Question 8

list some qualities of intermediate back muscles

Answer 8

Sometimes referred to as
Respiratory Group
* Serratus posterior superior –elevates ribs II-V
* Serratus posterior inferior –depresses ribs IX-XII
* Innervated by anterior rami of
thoracic nerves (via intercostal
nerves

Question 9

whats largest group of intrinsic back muscles

Answer 9

erector spinae

Primary extensors of the vertebral
column and head
* Innervated by dorsal rami of spinal
nerves
Thoracolumbar fascia

Question 10

deeper deep back muscles can be known as

Answer 10

Transversospinales muscles

Question 11

crossing between
four and six vertebrae from origin
to point of attachment (thoracic
& cervical)

Answer 11

semispinalis

Question 12

spanning between
two and four vertebrae (most
prominent in lumbar)

Answer 12

multifidus

Question 13

throughout, crossing
two vertebrae (long rotators) or
one (short rotators)

Answer 13

rotatores

Question 14

whats innervated by dorsal rami of spinal nerves

Answer 14

Semispinalis - crossing between
four and six vertebrae from origin
to point of attachment (thoracic
& cervical)
* Multifidus - spanning between
two and four vertebrae (most
prominent in lumbar)
* Rotatores – throughout, crossing
two vertebrae (long rotators) or
one (short rotators)

Question 15

Symptoms = drooping of the shoulder, inability to raise the arm above the
head, or weakness in shrug the shoulder against resistance

Answer 15

weakness in trapezius -injury of accessory nerve CNXI

Question 16

Symptoms = problems pulling the body upward while climbing or doing a
pull-up.

Answer 16

Weakness in latissimus dorsi - injury to the thoracodorsal nerve
(branch of Brachial nerves)

Question 17

Symptoms = a lateral shift in the position of the scapula on the affected side
– (antagonistic muscles pulling laterally).

Answer 17

An injury to the dorsal scapular nerve (branch of Brachial nerves),
which innervates the rhomboids

Question 18

Origin on scapula & clavicle, inserts on deltoid tuberosity of humerus. Arm
abduction (beyond 15 degrees)

Answer 18

deltoid

Question 19

Origin on scapula, insert on humerus and provide support for the
glenohumeral joint - innervated by Brachial plexus nerves

Answer 19

rotator cuff muscles

Question 19

ABducts arm first 15 degrees (synergist)

Answer 19

supraspinatus

Question 20

lateral rotation of arm

Answer 20

teres minor

Question 21

lateral rotation of arm

Answer 21

infraspinatus

Question 22

medial rotation of arm

Answer 22

subscapularis

Question 23

The ____ is a pyramidal area formed by
muscles and bones of the shoulder and thoracic wall.
All major structures pass through

Answer 23

axilla

Question 24

triangularly shaped depression
anterior to the elbow joint. The brachial artery &
median nerve pass through

Answer 24

cubital fossa

Question 25

gateway to the hand. Its
posterior, lateral, and medial walls form an arch of small
carpal bones. A connective tissue band, the flexor
retinaculum, forms the anterior wall of the tunnel. The median nerve passes through.

Answer 25

Carpal tunnel

Question 26

whats an important area
that passes structures from the neck to the upper extremity
* Contents:
* Axillary artery and vein
* Brachial plexus
* Lymphatics and lymph nodes
* Axillary tail of breast

Answer 26

armpit axilla

Question 27

Complex collection of nerves from spinal cord traveling through neck and
axilla, innervates muscles and skin of upper limb & shoulder
* Comprised of anterior rami of cervical spinal nerves C5-T1

Answer 27

brachial plexus

Question 28

arm muscles
anterior
biceps brachii flexor compartment innervate what

Answer 28

musculocutaneous nerve

Question 29

posterior muscles triceps brachii extensor compartment innervate what

Answer 29

radial nerve

Question 29

2 heads, origin at
scapula and inserts on radius
* powerful flexor of forearm at elbow
(load bearing), supinator when flexed
and flexes glenohumeral joint
* Innervated by Musculocutaneous nerve

Answer 29

biceps brachii

Question 30

coracoid process of
scapula to medial side of humerus –
flexes at shoulder & adducts arm

Answer 30

coracobrachialis

• Innervated by Musculocutaneous
  nerve

Question 31

deep to biceps brachii,
origin on humerus, inserts on tuberosity of ulna. Flexes elbow
* Innervated by Musculocutaneous
nerve

Answer 31

brachialis

Question 32

think posterior compartment of the arm

Answer 32

Triceps brachii – 3 heads – extends forearm – innervated by radial nerve
* The long head originates from scapula.
* The medial head originates from posterior surface of humerus
* The lateral head originates on humerus
* All insert on olecranon of Ulna

Question 33

Damage to the _____ of brachial
plexus occurs when shoulder is forced down
while your neck stretches up and away from
the injured shoulder.

Answer 33

upper nerves

Question 34

• The ___ are more likely to be injured when your arm is forced above your
  head

Answer 34

lower nerves

Question 35

Depression anterior to the elbow joint
* Contents:
* Tendon of biceps muscle
* Median nerve
* Brachial artery
* Superficial veins used for
venipuncture pass superficially

Answer 35

cubital fossa

Question 35

Biceps brachii – anterior
compartment of arm
Supinator - posterior compartment
of the forearm
Pronator teres and pronator
quadratus - anterior compartment
of the forearm

Question 36

– origin at humerus,
powerful flexor and adductor of the wrist -
innervated by Ulnar nerve

Answer 36

flexor carpi ulnaris

Question 37

Flexor & abductor of
wrist Median nerve - tendon can be easily
palpated

Answer 37

flexor carpi radialis

Question 38

ANTERIOR compartment of forearm

2 heads, Median
nerve
Forms four tendons, which pass through carpal tunnel
of the wrist and into the four fingers
Flexes metacarpophalangeal joint and proximal
interphalangeal joint of each finger and flexes wrist
joint

Answer 38

flexor digitorum superficials

Question 38

Palmaris longus – Median nerve - absent in
about 15% of the population

Answer 38

Pronator teres - Median nerve - rotates the
radius over the ulna during pronation

Question 39

think deep layer flexors

Answer 39

anterior compartment of forearm

Question 40

-gives rise
to four tendons, which pass through the
carpal tunnel into the four distal
phalanges – innervated by median & ulnar

Answer 40

flexor digitorum profundus

Question 41

powerful muscle
and forms a single large tendon attaches
at distal phalanx of thumb

Answer 41

flexor pollicis longus

Question 42

pulls the distal end
of the radius anteriorly over the ulna
during pronation

Answer 42

pronator quadratus

Question 43

deep posterior compartment of forearm

Answer 43

extensor pollicis longus and brevis

Question 43

Extensor carpi radialis longus & brevis -
Extensors and abductors of the wrist
* Extensor carpi ulnaris - Wrist extensor and
adductor

Answer 43

• Extensor digitorum - Extensors of digits 2-5
• Brachioradialis - Crosses over lateral elbow
  and is an accessory flexor of the elbow

Question 44

• Muscles that move the hand but muscle
  bellies lie in the forearm and tendons extend
  to the hand
• Involved in power grip

Answer 44

extrinsic muscles

Question 45

• Muscles that move the hand and whose
  bellies lie in the hand
• Involved in fine movement (precision grip)
• Innervated by ulnar and median nerves
• Thenar muscles (median nerve)
• Most intrinsic muscles by ulnar nerve

Answer 45

intrinsic muscles