PNS and drugs Flashcards
what are the two branches of the peripheral nervous system
somatic- sensory organs and voluntary movement through muscles autonomic- involuntary vital functions in the body and the organs and the glands
what is included in the autonomic portion of the nervous system
parasympathetic and sympathetic
what can we expect the body to be when it is in the parasympathetic state?
Pupils will dilate mydriasis salvation and digestion is inhibited blood pressure and heart rate are increasing bronchioles expand which increases respiratory State glucose has mobilized in the blood bladder is relaxed sex organs are inhibited
what happens in cholinergic transmission and what nervous system does it occur in?
acetylcholine releases and binds to cholinergic receptors parasympathetic
what are the receptors called in a cholinergic transmission?
Nicotinic or muscarinic
what is the termination of ACH response?
When ACH is removed from synaptic cleft by enzyme acetylcholinesterase
what do cholinergic Agonist do?
Promotes the action of acetylcholine- produce effects that imitates parasympathetic nerve action
three parts of breakdown of ACH from acetylcholinesterase
1- acetylcholine is broken down into acetate and choline
2-choline return back to presynaptic neuron
3. More acetylcholine is made
what do cholinergic antagonists do
interrupt or block parasympathetic nerve impulses allows sympathetic nerve impulses to dominate
what are the expected actions of cholinergic Agonist?
We would see parasympathetic signs and symptoms
how does acetylcholinesterease work?
Indirectly by increasing the amount of ACH at the receptor sites, autonomic receptors, CNS receptors and neuromuscular Junctions.
What actions can you expect from the acetylcholinesterase inhibitors?
An increase in parasympathetic nervous system increase contraction of the mm
what happens in myasthenia gravis?
Normal each needed for contraction strength of muscle but the antibodies attack ACH receptors on muscle causing weakness and fatigue in the muscle drooping eyelids difficult to the a cheering and swallowing occur
what is cholinergic overdose/crisis
caused by an overdose of indirect cholinergic medications or star and nerve gas, organophosphates insecticides. NeNe Leakes of ACH at the synapses reads too intense parasympathetic stimulation miosis, N/V, urinary incontinence, increase secretions, diarrhea leading to extreme muscle weakness, paralysis.
Would you expect to happen to the body with a cholinergic antagonist drug?
Sympathetic nervous system responses
What is the Main neurotransmitter in adrenergic transmission?
Norepinephrine
where are alpha 1 receptor types found?
Capillaries in the nose, blood vessels in the body
where are alpha 2 receptors found?
CNS and PNS actions all over
where are beta 1 receptor types found?
In the heart and coronary vessels
where are beta type 2 receptors found?
In the lungs and smooth muscle
what do adrenergic drugs mimic?
Norepinephrine they can be non-selective and bind to Alpha and beta receptors at the same time or they can be selective and buying to selective receptor types alpha or beta
do adrenergic Agonist drugs do?
Promote the action of norepinephrine effects that imitate sympathetic nerve action
what do androgenic antagonist drugs do you?
Interrupt your block sympathetic nerve impulses allow parasympathetic nerve impulses to dominate
what is the expected outcome of adrenergic Agonists?
Fight or flight response
what are the three prototypes of the adrenergic Agonist
epinephrine (adrenalin), phenylephrine (neo synephrine), isoproterenol (isuprel)
what will epinephrine do two blood vessels?
It will cause vasoconstriction and therefore increase cardiac output and will increase bronchodilation in the lungs. This will increase blood pressure and give the heart a jump start also help with the expansion of the lungs so that breathing will be more effective
what is a concerning reading for hypotension?
Systolic of 90
