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Pharmocology > CNS and drugs > Flashcards

CNS and drugs Flashcards

1
Q

The autonomic involuntary nervous system has control over?

A

cardiovascular, digestive, respiratory, Genitourinary

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2
Q

How do medications effect the CNS?

A

by stimulating or suppressing the firing of neurons

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3
Q

what do CNS drugs do?

A

Increase sleep patterns, decrease anxiety, Elevate mood, decrease muscle spasms, decrease hyperactivity and Mania, management of psychotic symptoms, slows progression of chronic degradation disease of the brain, decrease pain, induction of anesthesia.

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4
Q

What Neurotransmitter is in adrenergic synapses?

A

Norepinephrine

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5
Q

where are adrenals synopsis located?

A

Abundant in the CNS and hypothalamus the limbic system and reticular activating system

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6
Q

What are two major neurotransmitters of the autonomic NS

A

ACh
and
NE

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7
Q

What does norepinephrine do

A

excites the brain, waking hours, likely plays a role with mood disorders depression and anxiety

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8
Q

Define cholinergic

A

capable of producing, altering, or releasing acetylcholine ACH

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9
Q

what do cholinergic synapses do?

A

They’re stimulatory

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10
Q

where are cholinergic synapse is located?

A

In the motor cortex and basal ganglia

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11
Q

what diseases are associated with cholinergic synopsis?

A

Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s

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12
Q

Dopamine is the precursor to what?

A

The synthesis of norepinephrine

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13
Q

what does dopamine affect?

A

arousal and awake

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14
Q

what are subtypes of dopamine what do they do?

A

D1 is stimulatory D2 is inhibitory

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15
Q

what disease is related to dopamine imbalance

A

Parkinson’s

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16
Q

what are endorphins

A

small peptides secreted by neurons

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17
Q

what is gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)

A

They are peptides which activate the body’s opiate receptors, causing an analgesic effect.

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18
Q

what is gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)

A

naturally occurring amino acid that works as a neurotransmitter in your brain

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19
Q

where are GABA synopsis found

A

throughout the brain but in basal ganglia and hypothalamus second most common makes up about 30 to 40%

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20
Q

GABA is the primary what?

A

CNS inhibitor

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21
Q

what drugs are agonists to GABA synopsis?

A

Benzodiazepines, Barbiturates , and non-benzodiazepines

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22
Q

what is glutamate and what is it responsible for

A

Important for memory. It is a powerful excitatory neurotransmitter that is released by nerve cells in the brain. It is responsible for sending signals between nerve cells, and under normal conditions it plays an important role in learning and memory. Most common in the brain. Found everywhere, always excitatory, high amounts can be fatal.

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23
Q

Where are serotonergic synopsis found?

A

The brain but mostly found in platelets mast cells and other peripheral cells.

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24
Q

What is serotonin used for?

A

Making melatonin and helps with mood, feelings of well-being, and happiness

25
Q

what happens in a person who has low levels of Serotonin?

A

Anxiety, impulsive behavior, especially prevalent in suicide attempts, depression

26
Q

Serotonin is connected to what system in the brain?

A

The limbic system

27
Q

What are the five types of anxiety?

A

Generalized (GAD), panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, OCD, PTSD.

28
Q

what is associated with the limbic system

A

emotional expression learning and memory

29
Q

what is associated with the rectangular activating system

A

function, stimulation-awake inhibition-asleep, works as a filter

30
Q

What happens at the basal nuclei and ganglia

A

skeletal movement and cognitive function-memory learning and planning

31
Q

extrapyramidal system

A

tracks from brain to spinal cord, controls voluntary muscles, and posture

32
Q

Non-pharm treatments Psychotherapy-

A

Electroconvulsive Therapy, Phototherapy light therapy, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, Vagus nerve stimulation.

33
Q

These NT can enhance stabilize or elevated mood

A

serotonin
norepinephrine
GABA
acetylcholine

34
Q

What antidepressants are most often used?

A

SSRI’s

35
Q

what are the four primary classes of antidepressants

A

Recycling selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors atypical antidepressants monoamine oxidase inhibitors

36
Q

what neurotransmitters are involved in depression

A

Serotonin, Norepinephrine GABA, Acetylcholine

37
Q

TCA-prototype and onset action

A

impramine- tofranil

2-3 weeks

38
Q

how does Imipramine work?

A

blocks reuptake of Serotonin and norepinephrine

39
Q

adverse effects of imipramine

A

orthostatic hypertension dizziness, cholinergic effects, one seizure cardiac dysrhythmia and I heart failure Black Box warning suicidal thinking in younger patients

40
Q

What do oral contraceptives do to impramine?

A

decrease therapeutic effect

41
Q

contraindications of impramine

A

seizure and Suicidal Tendencies urinary retention cardiac hepatic her Parkinson’s

42
Q

other uses of impramine

A

nocturnal enuresis, chronic pain, insomnia

43
Q

SSRI prototype drug and onset time

A

Fluoxetine Prozac

2 weeks

44
Q

Prozac adverse effects

A

N/V-May get better, sexual dysfunction, wait can take up to two weeks to see improvements, weight fluctuation
* no cholinergic effects or orthostatic hypotension

45
Q

Prozac interactions

A

Serotonin syndrome grapefruit juice increase serum level, CYP450 drugs CNS depressants.

46
Q

Prozac Black box

A

Black Box warning Suicidal Thoughts

47
Q

What is serotonin syndrome

A

when multiple drugs are seeking not enhance serotonin which leads to serotonin concentration in the neurons

48
Q

what is the biggest indicator that serotonin syndrome is occurring in a patient?

A

Changes in mental status

49
Q

what other indicators show serotonin syndrome

A

restlessness dizziness vertigo Ataxia nausea and vomiting hypertension Tremors muscle rigidity sweating psychiatric symptoms hyperpyrexia

50
Q

What are signs of Parkinson’s

A

stooped posture masked facial expression virginity forward tilt of trunk 6 elbows reduced arm swing slightly flexed hips and knees shuffling and trembling.

51
Q

What are the Cardinal symptoms of Parkinson’s

A

Tremor muscle rigidity bradykinesia postural instability

52
Q

what is the cause of Parkinson’s

A

degradation of dopamine-producing neurons ACH and dopamine balance each other out when there is no more dopamine acetylcholine will saturate the area and cause issues with muscle movement.

53
Q

Name of drug that helps with Parkinson’s and what does it do?

A

Levodopa

anticholinergic drugs block ACH excitatory response decrease abnormal muscle movement

54
Q

other uses of levodopa

A

manganese in CO2 poisoning

55
Q

what are the adverse effects of levodopa

A

they can cause psychosis and patients nausea vomiting and the early stages orthostatic hypertension dyskinesia like head bobbing and ticks grimacing and jerking dark urine perspiration drooling

56
Q

what are the drug interactions with levodopa

A

antipsychotics MAIOs TCAs antihypertensives and antacids

57
Q

what’s paired with levodopa and what does it create

A

Carbidopa creates sinement

58
Q

how do Carbidopa and levodopa work together?

A

Carbidopa has no therapeutic effect by itself it cannot cross the blood-brain barrier it inhibits the breakdown of levodopa in the intestines and peripheral tissues so more is available to reach the CNS

59
Q

what is acute loss effects

A

when prolonged therapy of levodopa and Carbidopa start to lose effects you can adjust dosing intervals to offsets symptoms and increase in protein and vitamin B6 help.

Pharmocology (9 decks)

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