drug cards

Question 1

Cholinergic agonist prototype

Answer 1

bethanechol (Urecholine) therapeutic use- treats urinary retention
how drug works- activates cholinergic receptors on bladder and stimulates bladder to contract
adverse effects- common- pns effects, increased salivation, diarrhea, meiosis- blurred vision. Serious- pns effects- bradycardia, hypertension, wheezing.
Evaluation- urinary output

Question 2

acetylcholinesterase inhibitor prototype

Answer 2

Pyridostigmine (Mestinon)
therapeutic use- treats Myasthenia Gravis
how drug works- allows ACH to accumulate to have an effect
evaluation- muscle strength and Improvement of fatigue
adverse effects common PMS effects increased salvation,N/V, diarrhea miosis-blurred vision
serious-, wheezing, bradycardia, hypertension, muscle twitching
ONLY works on skeletal muscle receptors somatic

Question 3

what is the Prototype drug for a cholinergic antagonist

Answer 3

Atropine- therapeutic use- treatment of bradycardia, hypermotility of GI tract IBS, antidote for cholinergic crisis / overdose
how drug works- blocks parasympathetic response flight or fight response dominates
adverse effects common SMS effects dry mouth constipation urinary retention blurred vision
serious SNS effects tachycardia dysrhythmias
evaluation heart rate symptoms of IBS better?

Question 4

what’s the prototype for the cholinergic antagonist neuromuscular blocker

Answer 4

succinylcholine (Anectine)
therapeutic use- help of surgical anesthesia endotracheal intubation
how drug works- neuromuscular blocker causes prolonged depolarization by blocking ACH receptors on skeletal muscle, so it induces muscle relaxation.
Adverse effects- paralysis of diaphragm, malignant hypothermia excessive metabolic and muscle activity, high fever muscle rigidity.

Question 5

metoprolol(lopressor)

Answer 5

receptor-beta 1-selective beta blocker
therapeutic use-,hypertension, tachycardia
how it works-box braids of one cardiac receptor causes dilation of arteries increase heart rate and cardiac output, does not block beta-2 bronchial receptors. This makes it good for people with COPD and asthma
Adverse effects bradycardia, hypotension
-evaluation-check vital signs before and after especially blood pressure and heart rate

Question 6

propranolol (Inderal)

Answer 6

receptor- beta1 and 2 nonselective beta-blockers
therapeutic use-
hypertension, tachycardia
how it works- cardiac receptors causing dilation of arteries. Decrease in heart rate and cardiac output, blocks waited to hear bronchial receptors constricts muscles in Airway.
Adverse effect serious- bradycardia, hypotension, bronchoconstriction.
Contraindications- breathing trouble asthma or COPD, history of bradycardia.
Evaluation- check vital signs before and after especially blood pressure and heart rate

Question 7

prazosin (minipress)

Answer 7

receptor- Alpha One selective
therapeutic use-
HTN, benign prostate hypertrophy
how it works- box alpha 1 receptors in arteries veins and smooth muscles and bladder, relaxes. smooth muscle and dilates arteries and veins.
Adverse effects: hypotension because of dilation of the blood vessels
evaluation- check vital signs before and after
what is a concerning reading for hypotension? Systolic of 90

Question 8

isoproterenol

Answer 8

receptors-beta 1 and 2- non-selective for just beta
therapeutic use- bronchodilation,increase cardiac output during shock or cardiac arrest, lungs
how drug works-activates beta-1 and beta-2 receptors to increase strength of myocardial contractions opens bronchi to allow air Exchange
adverse effects- serious- dysrhythmias, tremors

Question 9

phenylephrine

Answer 9

receptors-Alpha One-selective
therapeutic use-nasal congestion due to cold and allergies
how it works- vasoconstriction of blood vessels in nose
adverse effects-stinging in the nose, rebound congestion, HTN-if given pill form
contraindications-History of HTN

Question 10

epinephrine

Answer 10

receptors- all subtypes it is non-selective. This means we’ll have widespread and serious effects throughout the body
used to treat anaphylactic shock and cardiac arrest
how the drug works- activate all receptors, alpha 1 and 2- vasoconstriction, beta 1 improves cardiac output, beta 2 bronchodilation
adverse effects common- tremor, dizziness, nervousness, panic attacks,
serious- HTN, tachycardia dysrhythmia, hallucinations.
Evaluate- vital signs