hyperlipedemia

Question 1

Goal with treatment

Answer 1

reduce blood clots, stroke, heart attack.

Question 2

Triglycerides

Answer 2

Fat storage, most common, energy

Question 3

phospholipids

Answer 3

Help make plasma proteins.

Lesothins- best known in soy beans and egg yokes

Question 4

Steroids

Answer 4

Cholesterol component of cell membrane produced by the liver found in foods that we eat.
most well-known for contributing to atherosclerosis and heart disease
helps build vit d, estrogen. and testosterone.

Question 5

Lipoproteins

Answer 5

Help transport cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids they are classified by composition, size, weight, and density.

Question 6

3 phospholipids

Answer 6

HDL-made mostly of protein
LDL-Made mostly of cholesterol
VLDL-very low made mostly of triglycerides.

Question 7

HDL
made?
What do they do?
increased levels mean?

Answer 7

Made in liver and in sm intestine.
Decreases level of cholesterol by transporting to liver for destruction and removal in feces
increased levels reduce risk of heart disease

Question 8

LDL
rich in?
Work by?
stored?
cause?

Answer 8

Very rich in Cholesterol
It increases cholesterol by transporting to tissues and organs from liver
Stored in lining of blood vessels and cause plaque and atherosclerosis

Question 9

VLDL

Answer 9

Rich in triglycerides ( some cholesterol)
Deliver triglycerides to storage in the adipose tissue.
might contribute to atherosclerosis.

Question 10

Lipid profile

Answer 10

Total cholesterol- less than 200mg/dl
LDLs-less than 100mg/dL
HDL- greater than 60mg/dL
Triglycerides- less than 150mg/dL

Question 11

Atrovastatin (Lipitor)

Answer 11

Most effective for lowering LDL
Few adverse effects
PO
Generally given to people with genetic.

Question 12

Statins

Answer 12

Interfere with HMG-CoA reductase, the critical enzyme in the biosynthesis of cholesterol

Question 13

Bile acid sequestrates

Answer 13

Bind bile acids, thus increasing the excretion of cholesterol in the stool

Question 14

Lipitor MA

Answer 14

Inhibits HMG CoA reductase which then regulates the production of cholesterol. They also increase LDL receptors on the liver and so LDLs are removed from the blood.

Question 15

Lipitor AE

Answer 15

Gi discomfort, myopathy/Rhabdomyolsis-breakdown of mm fibers spill into blood circulation.
Teratogenic effects/birth defects-category X
Hepatotoxicity
Grapefruit juice increases levels.

Question 16

Nursing for atorvastatin

Answer 16

Check LFTs
lipid profile
Evaluate GI
Lifelong therapy unless lifestyle changes

Question 17

Bile Acid sequestrates

MA

Answer 17

Cholestyramine (Questan)
Binds to bile acids in the intestines, forming and insoluble complex that contains cholesterol.
Prevents reabsorption of bile acids eliminated in the feces.
Liver makes more receptors- reducing LDL levels in the blood.

Question 18

Adverse effects of Cholestyramine (Questan)

Answer 18

GI stuff-pooping and gas -Interfere with absorption of other nutrients

Question 19

contraindications for Cholestyramine (Questan)

Answer 19

Patients with gallbladder obstruction.
Someone with high
serum triglyceride or greater than 400
or for someone with GI disorders.

Question 20

Nursing for cholestyramine

Answer 20

comes in powder form must be mixed with water/non carbonated beverage
Mixed well and swallowed immediately
give other meds 1 hr before or 4 hours after.

Question 21

Fabric acid drugsMechanism of action

Answer 21

gemfibrozil (Lopid)
Activate the enzyme lipoprotein lipase-increases the breakdown and elimintaion of triglycerides from the plasma
Inhibits breakdown of fat
most effective for treating triglycerides-little effect on LDL
Usually combined with statins to work more efficiently.

Question 22

gemfibrozil (Lopid) AE

Answer 22

GI pain, .dyspepsia, diarrhea, abd pain. N/V
Can worsen gallbladder disease and liver impairment.
hispanics and native americans have a higher chance of gallbladder disease.

Question 23

Nursing for gemfibrozil

Answer 23

Monitor for myopathy/rhabdomyolysis,
monitor LFT’s
Take med with food to help with GI

Question 24

Goals for hyperlipodemia

Answer 24

Diet, weight, exercise, no smoking.