Pneumonias Flashcards
S. pneumo: pts, sx, tx
most common PNA in adults; high risk of infect in pts with sickle cell disease
fevers, pleuritic pain, and productive cough
tx: beta lactams, macrolides
H. flu: pts, sx, tx
pts with COPD, high risk of infection in pts with sickle cell disease. classic PNA sx, slower onset.
tx: beta lactams, TMP/SMX
What is most common pathogen for PNA in kids
viral
S. aureus: pts, sx, tx
nosocomial infection; immunocompromised
may for abscesses
beta lactams
Kelbsiella
alcoholics/aspiration PNA; sickle cell
classic sx and currant jelly sputum
tx: cephalosporins, aminoglycosides
pseudomonas
CF, nosocomia
rapid onset
tx: ciprofloxacin, aminoglycosides, 3rd gen cephalosporins
GBS
neonates, infants. causes resp distress and lethargy
tx is beta lactams
enterobacter
nosocomial, elderly. tx is TMP-SMX
mycoplasma pneumonia
young adults. less severe sx, possible rash, positive cold agglutinin test. tx with macrolides
legionella pneumonia
associated with aerosolized water. slow onset of classic sx, nausea, diarrhea, confusion, ataxia. tx with macrolides or fluorquinolones
chlamydophila pneumonia
common in very young and very old
frequent sinusitis
tx: doxycycline, macrolides
coccidiomycosis, histoplasmosis, bastomycosis
less sever sx, subacute sx.
give fluconazole or amphotericin B for coccidioides
give itraconazole for histoplasma, balstomyces
pneumocystis jirovecii
HIV pts with
Who is considered to have a positive PPD test when it is 5 mm?
HIV positive, close contact with TB, signs of TB on CXR
Who is considered to have a positive PPD test when it is 10 mm?
homeless, immigrants, IV drug abusers, chronically ill, health care workers, pts with recent incarceration
