antiarrhythmic meds and CHF Flashcards
class IA antiarrhythmics
quinidine, procainamide, disopyramide
sodium channel blocker that prolongs action potential
used for PSVT, afib/flutter, Vtach
remember: can cause TdP, thrombocytopenia
procainamide- SLE-like syndrome
qunidine- headache, tinnitis
disopyramide- heart failure
class IB antiarrhythmics
sodium channel blockers that shorten AP. ex: lidocaine, tocainide. used for Vtach
often used post-MI
class IC antiarrhythmics
sodium channel blockers w/o effect on AP
flecainide, propafenone. used for PSVT, afib/flutter
class II antiarrhythmics
beta blockers; used for PVCs, PSVT, afib/flutter, VT
remember that all can cause problems for pts with DM, asthma, COPD. metoprolol can cause dyslipidemia, propranolol can make vasospasm of prinzmetal angina worse.
contraindicated in pts with cocaine abuse
how is BB overdose treated?
glucagon
class III antiarrhythmics
k channel blockers- amiodarone, sotalol, ibutilide, dofetilide, bretylium
used for afib/flutter, Vtach
what are the side effects of amiodarone
pulmonary fibrosis, hepatotoxicity, thyroid derangements, corneal and skin deposits, neuroeffects, constipation. check PFTs, LFTs, and thyroid tests before starting
which class III antiarrhythmics cause TdP
sotalol, ibutilide
class IV antiarrhythmics
-verapamil, diltiazem
-can all cause constipation, flushing, edema, CV effects
ised for PSVT, MAT, afib/flutter
What medications block the effects of adenosine?
caffeine, theophylline
What drugs decrease mortality in patients with CHF?
ACE inhibitors, beta blockers, spironolactone. loops and digoxin are also used, but have NOT been shown to improve mortality
What radiographic findings are seen in patients with CHF?
CXR showing cardiac enlargement, kerley b lines (incr marking of lung interlobular septa due to pulmonary edema), cephalization of the pulmonary vessels (incr. marking of the superior pulmonary vessels due to congestion and stasis)
