Pneumonias Flashcards
Kennel cough
-bordetella bronchiceptica bacteria, and sometimes associated with additional virus
-causes trachitis in dogs; (note: atrophic rhinitis in pigs)
pneumonias in dogs
-bronchopneumonia not common in dogs
>bilateral
-aspiration pneumonia is more common in dogs
>colour change on lungs; more likely unilateral
>history- anesthetic?
Canine distemper
-caused by canine distemper virus; effects wide range of species (dogs, ferrets, raccoons, skunks, seals)
-causes bronchointerstitial pneumonia (diffusely collapsed, heavy, wet, cranial ventral portions of lungs darker red)
Canine herpes
herpes virus causes Interstitial pneumonia
-appears heavy, red, rib impressions
Acute respiratory distress syndrome in dogs
Linked with Hyaline membranes (bright pink histologically) associated with acute damage to alveolar epithelium which causes leakage of high protein edema fluid
>can be caused by sepsis, inhalation of foreign substance, etc.
-See heavy, wet, red lungs
Blastomyces in dogs
-more common in dogs; seen in young hunting dogs, farm dogs (especially Southern MB/SK)
-associated with blastomyces dermatididis
-distinctive, bilateral, multifocal granulomatous pneumonia (TNTC white nodule masses)
Pulmonary neoplasia in dogs
-multifocal, white tumours
-differential diagnosis of blastomyces because can’t tell two apart
Lung lobe torsions in dogs
-happen commonly in large chested dogs and small dogs (pugs)
-lung lobes twist upon themselves and get one large lung lobe that are heavy, wet, congested
Bronchitis/asthma in cats
-common
-chronic=bronchitis, intermittent=asthma
-eosinophils present; hypersensitivity rxn causing swelling in walls, muscous production= results in impaired respiratory funciton
Bronchopneumonia in cats
-not common in cats
-caused by bordetella, pasteurella??
Toxoplasma gondii
-parasitic disease causing interstitial pneumonias (fail to collapse, heavy, red, wet)
Aleurostrongylus abstrusus (lungworm)
-multifocal, dark red, soft nodules
-common in outdoor cats
Differential: hermangiosarcoma in lungs
Paragonimus Kellicotti
-Fluke that may reside in cat lungs that form individual soft nodules in lungs
-usually not an issue, unless the cysts rupture which could lead to hemothorax
-Differential diagnosis: pulmonary Neoplasia
Pulmonary neoplasia of cats
-almost always malignant
-neoplasia in their lungs which often results in lesions on their feet (lung digit syndrome)
Heaves in horses
-Also called COPD
-often occurs in horses that reside in areas where they are inhaling particles
-associated with some sort of hypersensitivity rxn
-changes in bronchioles (inflammation, hypertrophy, metaplasia of goblet cells)
Results in horses having heave line (associated with muscles needed for breathing) from increased respiratory effort
Rhodococcus equi
Bacteria causing multiple abscess formation, and cranial ventral consolidation
Pleuropneumonia in horses
Both inflammation of pleura and lungs underneath
-results in large production of fibrin
Exercised induced pulmonary hemorrhage
-hemorrhage in the lungs results in bleeding from the nose
-associated with racing breeds; changing of pressures and movement of air
Shipping fever in cattle
Result of stress, immune suppression, viral infection, impaired defences. All leading to bronchopneumonia
-often occur when cattle moving from pasture into feedlots. Increased stress and mixing of cattle
*Check viruses that cause this on handout
bronchopneumonia in cattle
-caused by 4 bacterias: Bibersteinia tichalosi, histophalus somni, pasterella, check handout???
-cranial ventral consolidation and wide interlobular septa, and fibrin covered
Viral disease in cattle
-not distinctive
-cause interstitial pneuonia (fail to collapse, heavy, wet, red)
Mycoplasma bovis
-chronic pneumonia often related to mycoplasma bovis infection
>seen as abscesses/sequestrums
**in bison, entire lung= sequestrum
3-Methylindole toxicity (Fog Fever)
Steps:
1.Lush green pasture (with high levels of tryptophan)
2. Conversion in rumen to 3 methylindole
3. Transport via blood where clara cells and type II pneumocytes convert it to toxic intermediate
4. Leads to destruction of type I pneumocytes
5. Results in interstitial pneumonia, massive edema, emphysema
Dictyocaulus viviparus (lungworm)
NOTES: worm visible not lungs visible
results in bronchopneumonia
Mycobacterium bovis (bovine TB)
-granulomas in lungs and lymph nodes
>often can just be one granuloma, not multiple
Aspiration pneumonia in cattle
look like bronchopneumonia, but usually black in cattle
-foul smelling
Bronchopneumonia in sheep and goats
-caused by same bacteria (pasterella, histophagus…etc. Same as in cattle)
Lentivirus
-in sheep (older individuals) and goats (younger animals)
-slow growing, cause chronic interstitial pneumonia (heavy, wet, bilateral, fail to collapse)
-sometimes have neurological effects
Muellerius capillaris (lungworm) of sheep an goats
-usually seen dorsal part of lungs as individual nodules (multifocal event)
Caseous lymphadenitis in sheep and goats
-bacteria cause?
-onion skin appearance- failing to wall off infection multiple times
Bronchopneumonia in pigs
-caused by primary viral infection, then secondary bacterial infection
-can be cranial ventral and may also have dorsal lesions
Swine influenza
-will have rubbery feeling and appear as redness in cranial ventral portion of lungs (alectisis- collapse)
-coughing pigs
Porcine circovirus
-heavy, wet, fail to collapse= interstitial pneumonias
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS)
-causes interstitial pneumonia (pale, wet, fail to collapse)
