Pneumonias

Question 1

Kennel cough

Answer 1

-bordetella bronchiceptica bacteria, and sometimes associated with additional virus
-causes trachitis in dogs; (note: atrophic rhinitis in pigs)

Question 2

pneumonias in dogs

Answer 2

-bronchopneumonia not common in dogs
>bilateral

-aspiration pneumonia is more common in dogs
>colour change on lungs; more likely unilateral
>history- anesthetic?

Question 3

Canine distemper

Answer 3

-caused by canine distemper virus; effects wide range of species (dogs, ferrets, raccoons, skunks, seals)

-causes bronchointerstitial pneumonia (diffusely collapsed, heavy, wet, cranial ventral portions of lungs darker red)

Question 4

Canine herpes

Answer 4

herpes virus causes Interstitial pneumonia

-appears heavy, red, rib impressions

Question 5

Acute respiratory distress syndrome in dogs

Answer 5

Linked with Hyaline membranes (bright pink histologically) associated with acute damage to alveolar epithelium which causes leakage of high protein edema fluid
>can be caused by sepsis, inhalation of foreign substance, etc.

-See heavy, wet, red lungs

Question 6

Blastomyces in dogs

Answer 6

-more common in dogs; seen in young hunting dogs, farm dogs (especially Southern MB/SK)
-associated with blastomyces dermatididis
-distinctive, bilateral, multifocal granulomatous pneumonia (TNTC white nodule masses)

Question 7

Pulmonary neoplasia in dogs

Answer 7

-multifocal, white tumours
-differential diagnosis of blastomyces because can’t tell two apart

Question 8

Lung lobe torsions in dogs

Answer 8

-happen commonly in large chested dogs and small dogs (pugs)
-lung lobes twist upon themselves and get one large lung lobe that are heavy, wet, congested

Question 9

Bronchitis/asthma in cats

Answer 9

-common
-chronic=bronchitis, intermittent=asthma

-eosinophils present; hypersensitivity rxn causing swelling in walls, muscous production= results in impaired respiratory funciton

Question 10

Bronchopneumonia in cats

Answer 10

-not common in cats
-caused by bordetella, pasteurella??

Question 11

Toxoplasma gondii

Answer 11

-parasitic disease causing interstitial pneumonias (fail to collapse, heavy, red, wet)

Question 12

Aleurostrongylus abstrusus (lungworm)

Answer 12

-multifocal, dark red, soft nodules
-common in outdoor cats

Differential: hermangiosarcoma in lungs

Question 13

Paragonimus Kellicotti

Answer 13

-Fluke that may reside in cat lungs that form individual soft nodules in lungs
-usually not an issue, unless the cysts rupture which could lead to hemothorax

-Differential diagnosis: pulmonary Neoplasia

Question 14

Pulmonary neoplasia of cats

Answer 14

-almost always malignant
-neoplasia in their lungs which often results in lesions on their feet (lung digit syndrome)

Question 15

Heaves in horses

Answer 15

-Also called COPD
-often occurs in horses that reside in areas where they are inhaling particles
-associated with some sort of hypersensitivity rxn
-changes in bronchioles (inflammation, hypertrophy, metaplasia of goblet cells)

Results in horses having heave line (associated with muscles needed for breathing) from increased respiratory effort

Question 16

Rhodococcus equi

Answer 16

Bacteria causing multiple abscess formation, and cranial ventral consolidation

Question 17

Pleuropneumonia in horses

Answer 17

Both inflammation of pleura and lungs underneath
-results in large production of fibrin

Question 18

Exercised induced pulmonary hemorrhage

Answer 18

-hemorrhage in the lungs results in bleeding from the nose
-associated with racing breeds; changing of pressures and movement of air

Question 19

Shipping fever in cattle

Answer 19

Result of stress, immune suppression, viral infection, impaired defences. All leading to bronchopneumonia

-often occur when cattle moving from pasture into feedlots. Increased stress and mixing of cattle

*Check viruses that cause this on handout

Question 20

bronchopneumonia in cattle

Answer 20

-caused by 4 bacterias: Bibersteinia tichalosi, histophalus somni, pasterella, check handout???
-cranial ventral consolidation and wide interlobular septa, and fibrin covered

Question 21

Viral disease in cattle

Answer 21

-not distinctive
-cause interstitial pneuonia (fail to collapse, heavy, wet, red)

Question 22

Mycoplasma bovis

Answer 22

-chronic pneumonia often related to mycoplasma bovis infection
>seen as abscesses/sequestrums

**in bison, entire lung= sequestrum

Question 23

3-Methylindole toxicity (Fog Fever)

Answer 23

Steps:
1.Lush green pasture (with high levels of tryptophan)
2. Conversion in rumen to 3 methylindole
3. Transport via blood where clara cells and type II pneumocytes convert it to toxic intermediate
4. Leads to destruction of type I pneumocytes
5. Results in interstitial pneumonia, massive edema, emphysema

Question 24

Dictyocaulus viviparus (lungworm)

Answer 24

NOTES: worm visible not lungs visible

results in bronchopneumonia

Question 25

Mycobacterium bovis (bovine TB)

Answer 25

-granulomas in lungs and lymph nodes
>often can just be one granuloma, not multiple

Question 26

Aspiration pneumonia in cattle

Answer 26

look like bronchopneumonia, but usually black in cattle
-foul smelling

Question 27

Bronchopneumonia in sheep and goats

Answer 27

-caused by same bacteria (pasterella, histophagus…etc. Same as in cattle)

Question 28

Lentivirus

Answer 28

-in sheep (older individuals) and goats (younger animals)
-slow growing, cause chronic interstitial pneumonia (heavy, wet, bilateral, fail to collapse)
-sometimes have neurological effects

Question 29

Muellerius capillaris (lungworm) of sheep an goats

Answer 29

-usually seen dorsal part of lungs as individual nodules (multifocal event)

Question 30

Caseous lymphadenitis in sheep and goats

Answer 30

-bacteria cause?
-onion skin appearance- failing to wall off infection multiple times

Question 31

Bronchopneumonia in pigs

Answer 31

-caused by primary viral infection, then secondary bacterial infection
-can be cranial ventral and may also have dorsal lesions

Question 32

Swine influenza

Answer 32

-will have rubbery feeling and appear as redness in cranial ventral portion of lungs (alectisis- collapse)

-coughing pigs

Question 33

Porcine circovirus

Answer 33

-heavy, wet, fail to collapse= interstitial pneumonias

Question 34

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS)

Answer 34

-causes interstitial pneumonia (pale, wet, fail to collapse)