Diseases of pleura and pneumonia

Question 1

Chylothorax

Answer 1

-accumulation of chyle (white, slight pink tinge) associated with damage to thoracic duct

Question 2

Hemothorax

Answer 2

• accumulation of blood in thoracic cavity

Question 3

Hydrothorax

Answer 3

• accumulation of edema fluid in thoracic cavity

Question 4

Pleuritis

Answer 4

-inflammation of lining of pleural cavity
-common as an extension of underlying pneumonia= pleuropneumonia
-occurs with FIP (accumulation of very thick/viscous fluid in thoracic cavity)

Question 5

Pyothorax

Answer 5

-accumulation of neutrophil rich substance
-often associated with penetrating wound

Question 6

Mesothelioma

Answer 6

-tumour of mesothelium
-grows along the pleural surfaces, not on the lung
-not common in domestic species; in humans associated with asbestos exposure

Question 7

Bronchopneumonia

Answer 7

-pneumonia where inflammation is centered on the alveoli = alveoli fill up with inflammatory cells
terminal part of airway

Question 8

Bronchopneumonia cause

Answer 8

viral infection first, then secondary bacterial infection which is usually worse and causes more disease (eg. shipping fever)

Question 9

Bronchopneumonia appearance

Answer 9

Red and fibrin covered in cranial ventral portion of the lung; caudal dorsal region not red. Lobar or lobular (entire lung lobe or individual lobules in the lobe)

Question 10

Why cranial ventral in bronchopneumonia?

Answer 10

-because gravity will cause it to travel down quickly into ventral region

Question 11

Bronchopneumonia in pigs

Answer 11

-pneumonia affecting dorsal portion of lung rather than ventral
**only exception that occurs in pigs

Question 12

Interstitial lung disease (interstitial pneumonia)

Answer 12

-pneumonia where primary lesion appears within the wall of the alveoli septa
-most often caused by viruses or some toxins

Question 13

appearance of Interstitial lung disease (interstitial pneumonia)

Answer 13

-lungs appear diffusely affected
-lung will be heavier, firmer and rubbery when felt
-widened, thickened inflated interlobular septa
-lungs do not collapse when taken out of animal
-may see rib impressions

Question 14

Bronchointerstitial pneumonia

Answer 14

-inflammation of alveoli septa and within the alveoli
-associated with viral infections
-heavy, fail to collapse, widened septa
-cranial ventral portion of lungs=red

Question 15

Embolic pneumonia

Answer 15

-occur when embolism (liver abscess) occurs in the lung
-appears as randomly scattered/polka dot areas of inflammation within the lung
-can be confused with tumours

Question 16

Airway disease

Answer 16

• inflammation within the smaller airways, not alveoli or alveoli septa
  -often hypersensitivity reactions or viruses, poor environment
  -will see areas of inflammation in small airways

Question 17

Bronchiolitis obliterans

Answer 17

-chronic airway disease
-damage to airway epithelium, and when it heals, it will heal with a scar underneath and result in decreased/impaired airway

Question 18

Aspiration pneumonia

Answer 18

-characteristic black and green colour
-cranial ventral
-unilateral

Question 19

Bacterial vs viral pneumonias

Answer 19

-bacterial pneumonia is often more serious. Often linked with fibrous connections after healing due to greater damage

Question 20

Bronchiectasis

Answer 20

-Airway is blocked with neutrophils/immune cells
-results in more cylindrical airway

Question 21

Cor pulmonale

Answer 21

-widespread inflammation, and healing in lung
-results in fibrin in the lung and increases the resistance in the lung resulting in Right sided heart failure