Pneumonia and Influenza

Question 1

what is the definition of pneumonia?

Answer 1

inflammation of the parenchyma of the lung (alveoli) and accumulation of abnormal alveolar filling with fluid of lung tissue

Question 2

What is the function of goblet cells?

Answer 2

create mucous

Question 3

What is the most common mechanism of infectious pneumonia?

Answer 3

inhaled infectious particles

Question 4

Which patient population mostly present with atypical symptoms for pneumonia?

Answer 4

elderly patients

Question 5

What is the clinical presentation of pneumonia?

Answer 5

High fever
chills
cough with sputum/phlegm
SOB
pleuritic CP

Question 6

What drugs can cause drug induced pneumonia?

Answer 6

microferentoin
nitroferentoin
methotrexate
amiodorone

Question 7

True or False: You can diagnose pneumonia solely based on radiographic features alone

Answer 7

False: must use other tests like sputum culture and CBC

Question 8

What can fill alevoli?

Answer 8

Poor Funny Boy Can't Piss For Crap
P = pus
F = fluid
B = blood
C = cells/cancer
P = protein
F = fat (ipid)
C = calcium

Question 9

What do you use to use to calculate mortality of pneumonia?

Answer 9

pneumonia severity index

Question 10

How do you initially treat pneumonia?

Answer 10

start broad, get sputum culture, and then go specific to organism

Question 11

What are the 4 types of pneumonia?

Answer 11

Community acquired pneumonia
Hospital (nosocomial) acquired pneumonia
Ventilator associated pneumonia
Healthcare associated pneumonia

Question 12

How is CAP diagnosed?

Answer 12

patient has symptoms less than 48 hours prior to coming to hospital

Question 13

What is the most common cause of community acquired pneumonia?

Answer 13

S pneumonia (30-60%)

Question 14

What is the outpatient treatment for CAP?

Answer 14

macrolide or doxycycline
respiratory fluoroquinolone
beta-lactam plus macrolide

Question 15

What is the non-ICU treatment for inpatient CAP treatment?

Answer 15

respiratory fluoroquinolone

beta-lactam + macrolide

Question 16

What is the ICU tx for inpatient CAP tx/

Answer 16

beta lactam + macrolide

Beta lactam +respiratory fluroquinolone

Question 17

All hospital acquired pneumonias are diagnosed how?

Answer 17

pneumonia after being in hospital for more than 48 hours

Question 18

what are the MDR pathogens?

Answer 18

SPACE + MRSA
S- seratia
P - pseudomonas 
A - Acinetobacter
C - Citrobacter
E - enterobacter or E. coli

Question 19

What is the treatment for MDR pathogens?

Answer 19

Antipseudomonal agent
- cephalosporin
- carbopenem
PLUS 1 of the following
- anti-pseudomonal fluroquinolone
-anti-gram negative aminoglycoside
PLUS 1 anti-MRSA med
- Linezolid
- Vancomycin

Question 20

What is the epidemiology of influenza?

Answer 20

oubreaks abruptly over 2-3 weeks period
lasts 2-3 months
10-20 % of population is affected

Question 21

When is an influenza outbreak considered a pandemic?

Answer 21

when the rates exceed 50% of the general population

Question 22

Which is a more major change, antigenic shift or antigenic drift? Where does each outbreak occur?

Answer 22

antigenic shift (changes in glycoproteins) PANDEMIC
Antigenic drift (minor changes) LOCALIZED

Question 23

What is the treatment of Flu?

Answer 23

Oseltamivir and Zanamivir (neurominidase inhibitors against INFA and B)

Question 24

How soon do you have to give the neuraminidase inhibitors for them to be effective against the flu?

Answer 24

24-30 hours within onset of symptoms

Question 25

what’s the fastest way to diagnose the flu?

Answer 25

rapid antigen test

Question 26

What’s the number 1 preventer of the flu?

Answer 26

flu vaccine