Pneumonia

Question 1

Treatment for CAP

Answer 1

Mild = amoxy or doxy or clarithromycin 7 days 
Moderate = Benzylpenicllin for a bit, then amoxy AND doxy 

Severe = ceftrixone AND azithromycin

Question 2

Treatment of HAP

Answer 2

Mild = amoxy/clav or cefuroxime 
Moderate = ceftriaxone 

Severe (intensive care unit, immunosupp, recent antibotic treatment)
=piperacillin/tazabactam IV

Question 3

Diagnosis of pneumonia

Answer 3

X-ray

RR, BP, urine testing, sputum culture to identify organism

Question 4

risk factors for pneumonia

Answer 4

-smoking, immunosuppression (INF), COPD, alcohol, asthma

Question 5

what is empirical treatment?

Answer 5

treat with antibiotics ask questions later.

treat based on symptoms WITHOUT the test results

Question 6

what is directed treatment?

Answer 6

Treat after test results are back to give a directed and narrow spec treatment

Question 7

patho of pneumonia

Answer 7

1. bacteria, virus, fungi, worm food (aspiration) enters lungs
2. inflammation and fluid build up in alveoli which decreases gas exchannge
3. red hepatisation - increased RBC
4. Gray Hepatisation - macrophages break down RBC = debris
5. Resolution or death

Question 8

Aspiration pneumonia
About
risk factors

Answer 8

risk factors:
-medication that lower consciousness or reduces gas reflex
(stroke, alcohol, seizures )

Question 9

Red Flags

SMART -COP

Answer 9

systolic BP <90
Multi lobar
Albumin <
Respiratory rate >16
Tachycardia 
Confusion
O2 saturation
pH is acid = respiratory acidosis