cancer Flashcards
SERMS
MOA
Selective oestrogen receptor modulators
- competes with osetrogen receptor (stop oestrogen response element ERE from bindin)
- causes tertiary structure change
- stops TGF production, thus decreases growth
Tamoxifen
MOA
Adverse
SERMS
Hot flushes, fluid retension, vaginal discharge, menstrual cycle changes, may cause endometrium cancer, increases ca levels
Aromatase inhibitors
MOA
About
Adverse
Inhibits production of oestriol and oestriadiol
- half life 50hrs
- similar adverse to SERMs, but no risk of cancer, increased risk of bone problems (give Vit D)
Colaspase
decrease asparagine synthesis
(non-essential amino acid)
-anaphylactic shock, liver damage, chiills, fever,
Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
Gefitinab
-adverse
Epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR)
Papulopustular rash
nail disorders
Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
imatinib
-adverse
Platelet-derived growth factor receptor
(PDGFR)
Standard
Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
Laptinib
-adverse
HER-2
5-FU
MOA
Pyrimidine analuage of uracil
- inhibiting thyrmidylate synthases
- prevents incoorporation of Uracil in RNA
- therefore prevents DNA synthesis and transcription
Platins
MOA
- Platium complexes
- alylaking agent
- displace of CI on DNA
- leading to DNA apoptosis
Taxans (paclitaxel)
antimiotic
- prevents the breakdown of tubulin in growth replication
- therefore abnormal cell division and the cell becomes useless
special adverse effects for platins (cisplatin)
they make you throw up
need to give with lots of fluid to prevent ion loss
may cause hearing loss
Special adverse effects for 5-FU
Angina like chest pain
hand-foot syndrome
(red, swelling, pain, may need to stop treatment)
Special Adverse effects from taxanes (pacltiaxel)
taste disturbances, fluid retention, change to nail colour
Special SERM adverse effects
similar to excess estrogen
-hot flushes, irregular menstrual cycle, vaginal discharge
cyclophosphamide
MOA
Adverse
Nitrogen mustard - alkaying DNA
causes haemorrhagic cystitis
Chlorambucul
Nitrogen mustard - alkaying DNA
may cause seizures
Dacarbazine
MOA
adverse
prodrug - alkayling DNA
Busulfan
Alkylating agent
- children clear this drug quicker - so they need a higher dose
- may cause weight loss, hyperpigmentation and seizures
Capecitabine
prodrug of 5-FU
Cytarabine
gemcitabine
azacitbine
pyridime analogues
Vinblastine
vinca alkaloids
-Stops tubulin formation
dactinomycin
antibiotic
-works by inducing topoisomerase, causing DNA unwinding DNA
Doxorubicin
anthracyclines
-creates free radicals that damage DNA
