Antibiotics 2 Flashcards
1
Q
ertapenem
- what class?
- spec
- MOA
- adverse
A
Carbapenems
-BROADEST
- very similar MOA to penicillin
- neurotoxicity
2
Q
what are the three drugs of carbapenems?
A
ertapenem
imipenem
meropenem
3
Q
Aztreonam
- class?
- why is it used?
A
monobactam
- used when extreme penicillin allergy
- more stable than cephalosporins
4
Q
how do cephalosporins work?
-key points about them
A
exactly the same as penicillin
- more stable against B-lactamases
- broader spec than penicillin
- nephrotoxicity
5
Q
What are the first generation Cephalosporins?
-characteristics
A
- cefalotin
- cephazolin
- cephalexin
- good for positive bacteria
- generally used for UTIs
6
Q
What are the second generation Cephalosporins?
A
- cefoxitin
- cefaclor
- cefuroxime
7
Q
What are the third generation Cephalosporins?
-characteristics
A
cefotaxime
ceftrixone
ceftazidime
- more resistance to b-lactamases
- more gram negative
8
Q
What are the fourth generation Cephalosporins?
-characteristics
A
cefeprime
9
Q
What are the fifth generation Cephalosporins?
-characteristics
A
ceftaroline
ceftobiprole
ceftolozane
10
Q
How do glycopeptides work?
A
- Bind to terminal 2-D alamine to prevent cell wall synthesis
- sterically hinders the elongation of the peptidoglycan
11
Q
Vancomycin
-indication
A
Glycopeptide
- serious infections
- penicillin allergy
- MRSA
- 2nd line in CDAD
12
Q
Vancomycin
-adverse
A
-infusion too fast? - Red Man’s Syndrome - toxic effect on mast cells
-
13
Q
Sulfamethoxazole
MOA
A
- structural analogues of PABA (para-aminobenozic acid) precursor for folate
- dihydropteroate competitive inhibitor
- inhibits production of folate
- bacteriostatic
14
Q
Trimethoprim
A
- Selective competitive inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase
- prevents dihydroflolic acid to tetrahydrofolic acid
