Pneumonia Flashcards
Common cause of lobar pneumonia
Strep pneumoniae
Reason for increased risk of pneumonia post influenza
Disruption of respiratory epithelium and ciliary dysfunction
Common causes of atypical pneumonia
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Chlamydophila pneumonia
Viral
Timeframe for chronic pneumonia
Symptoms for 3 wks or more
CXR findings in typical pneumonia
Consolidation
CXR findings in atypical pneumonia
Patchy interstitial infiltrates
CXR findings in chronic pneumonia
Coin lesions
Localized collection of neutrophils/pus and necrotic pulmonary parenchyma
Lung abscess
Gram positive diplococci with a polysaccharide capsule. Causes typical pneumonia
Strep pneumoniae
Virulence factors of strep pneumoniae
Pneumolysin
IgA protease
Teichoic acid
Polysaccharide capsule
Phosphorylcholine
Cytokines increased by pneumolysin virulence factor of Strep pneumoniae
TNF
IL-1
Virulence factor of Strep pneumoniae that inhibits alternate complement pathway
Teichoic acid
Virulence factor of Strep pneumoniae that binds to platelet activating factor receptors on endothelial cells, leukocytes, and tissue cells to facilitate entry into cells
Phosphorylcholine
Gram positive diplococci that is optochin sensitive with alpha hemolysis on blood agar. It is bile soluble and activates autolysin.
Strep pneumoniae
Treatment options for strep pneumoniae
Third gen cephalosporin
Levoflox
Gariflox
Vancomycin
Penicillin if sensitive
Vaccine types for Strep pneumoniae
23 valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine –> 12, 15, or 20
What is pneumococcal conjugate vaccine conjugated to?
Diphtheria toxoid
Gram negative rods that cause atypical pneumonia. Not transmitted person to person
Legionella pneumophila
Risk factors for legionella
> 50 yo
Smokers and COPD
Alcoholics
Immunocompromised
Main target of legionella in the human host
Macrophage