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Respiratory II > Opportunistic resp infections > Flashcards

Opportunistic resp infections Flashcards

1
Q

Negative stain for Cryptococcus

A

India ink/Nigrosin

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2
Q

Obligate EC fungal pathogen of humans that cannot be grown in the lab

A

Pneumocystis jirovecii

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3
Q

Fungus with cholesterol cytoplasmic membrane instead of ergosterol

A

Pneumocystis jirovecii

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4
Q

Appears as silver-stained cysts in BAL. Unable to be cultured

A

Pneumocystis jirovecii

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5
Q

Fungal pathogen that kills type I pneumocytes, causing an excess replication of type II

A

Pneumocystis jirovecii

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6
Q

Cause of fluid, foamy, honeycomb appearance of alveoli in Pneumocystis pneumonia

A

Alveoli are filled with desquamated alveolar cells, monocytes, and organisms

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7
Q

CD4 count at a higher risk for Pneumocystis pneumonia

A

<200

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8
Q

Prophylaxis options for Pneumocystis pneumonia

A

Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole
Dapsone with/without pyrimethamine
Atovaquone
Pyrimethamine

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9
Q

Treatment for Pneumocystis pneumonia

A

Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole

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10
Q

Infectious form of aspergillosis

A

Conidia/spores

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11
Q

Invasive filamentous hyphae invade lung tissues and blood vessels

A

Aspergillosis

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12
Q

Risk factors for aspergillosis

A

Neutropenia
CGD
TNF-alpha inhibitor
Steroid
Immunosuppressant
Transplant

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13
Q

Microscopy of lung biopsy shows 45 degree/acute angle branching and septate hyphae

A

Aspergillosis

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14
Q

Risk factors for allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis

A

CF
Asthma
Eosinophilia
Elevated IgE

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15
Q

Colonization of preformed pulmonary cavities and paranasal cavities with fungal balls, with recurrent hemoptysis

A

Aspergilloma

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16
Q

Risk factors for dissemination of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis

A

Hematological malignancies
Immunosuppressive drugs
Solid organ transplant
Neutropenia

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17
Q

Risk factors of zygomycoses

A

DKA
Hematological malignancies
Neutropenia

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18
Q

Microscopy of exudate shows broad, ribbon-like, non-septate hyphae with broad (90 degree) angle branching

A

Zygomycoses

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19
Q

Treatment of Zygomycoses

A

Rapid debridement
Amphotericin B
Control DM

20
Q

Angioinvasive fungi

A

Zygomycoses
Aspergillus

21
Q

Non-septate filamentous fungi

A

Zygomycoses - rhizopus
Mucormycosis - mucor
Phycomycosis - absidia

22
Q

Bacterial zoonotic pneumonia causal organisms

A

Chlamydia psittaci
Coxiella burnetti
Bacillus anthracis
Tularemia

23
Q

Transmission of psittacosis

A

From infected birds

24
Q

Causal organism in Q fever

A

Coxiella burnetti

25
Q

Gram positive box-car shaped in tissue. Central spore bearing in environment

A

Bacillus anthracis

26
Q

Rough ground glass colonies on blood agar with sticky consistency. Medusa head appearance.

A

Bacillus anthracis

27
Q

Specific stain for Bacillus anthracis

28
Q

Mechanism of edema factor of Bacillus anthracis

A

Calmodulin dependent activation of adenylyl cyclase to cause efflux of fluid

29
Q

Mechanism of LF-MAP kinase of Bacillus anthracis

A

Protease that increases secretion of TNF leading to cell death

30
Q

Treatment for anthrax

A

Ciprofloxacin for 30 days

31
Q

Preventative for anthrax

A

Acellular vaccine adsorbed/Raxibacumab

32
Q

Causes of fungal pneumonia from animals

A

Histoplasma capsulatum
Cryptococcus neoformans

33
Q

Negative sense, enveloped, ssRNA with 3 segments. Transmitted through rodent excreta.

A

Hantavirus/Bunyavirus

34
Q

Complications of Hantavirus

A

ARDS
Renal failure
Hemorrhage
High mortality rate

35
Q

Virus with multisystem pathology characterized by damage to capillaries and small vessel walls that results in vasodilation and congestion with hemorrhages leading to HTN, oliguria, and shock

A

Hantavirus

36
Q

Subtype of hantavirus that causes severe/classical HVD

37
Q

Subtype of hantavirus causing moderate HVD

38
Q

Hantavirus subtype causing mild HVD

39
Q

Hantavirus subtype that causes hantavirus pulmonary syndrome

A

Sin Nombra

40
Q

5 phases of Hantavirus

A

Febrile
Hypotensive
Oliguric
Diuretic - recovery
Convalescent

41
Q

Motile, strict aerobe, oxidase positive, gram negative bacilli

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

42
Q

Mechanism of exotoxin A of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

Inhibits protein synthesis by ADP ribosylation of EF-2

43
Q

Mechanism of Exotoxin S of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

Induces apoptosis by acting on regulatory G proteins

44
Q

Mechanism of Pyocyanin of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

Stimulates IL-8

45
Q

Lung colonization in early childhood pts with CF

A

H influenzae
S aureus

46
Q

Lung colonization young adults with CF

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Burkholderia cepacia
Aspergillus fumigatus

Respiratory II (17 decks)

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