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Respiratory II > Infections of the airway > Flashcards

Infections of the airway Flashcards

1
Q

Satellitism on blood agar in H influenzae

A

S aureus induced hemolysis

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2
Q

Vaccine type for Hib

A

PRP conjugate vaccine

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3
Q

Prophylaxis in unvaccinated for Hib

A

Rifampin

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4
Q

Diagnostic tool contraindicated in epiglottitis

A

Throat swab

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5
Q

Possible causes of croup

A

Parainfluenza 1-3
Bordetella pertussis
Influenza
RSV
Adenovirus

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6
Q

Possible causes of epiglottitis

A

H influenzae
GAS
S aureus

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7
Q

Susceptible age to croup

A

6 mos to 3 yrs

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8
Q

Croup presentation in adults

A

Acute laryngitis

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9
Q

Enveloped negative sense RNA virus that causes croup

A

Parainfluenza

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10
Q

Virulence factors of Parainfluenza

A

H&N proteins
F fusion protein

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11
Q

Virus causing inflammatory changes in superficial mucus membrane of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi that leads to a loss of cilia, cell damage, and edema

A

Parainfluenza

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12
Q

Diagnostic test for Parainfluenza

A

Rapid antigen detection test (RADT)

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13
Q

X-ray findings in epiglottitis

A

Thumb sign in throat - epiglottis swelling

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14
Q

X-ray finding in croup

A

Steeple sign –> visible narrowing of upper airway

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15
Q

Treatment for croup

A

Humidification
Epinephrine
Steroids

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16
Q

Paramyxoviridae Morbillivirus

A

Measles

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17
Q

Paramyxoviridae Paramyxoviruses

A

Parainfluenza
Mumps

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18
Q

Paramyxoviridae Pneumovirus

A

RSV
Metapneumovirus

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19
Q

Family of enveloped negative sense ssRNA viruses that replicate in cytoplasm

A

Family Paramyxoviridae

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20
Q

Motile, obligate aerobe, gram negative coccobacilli that causes laryngotracheobronchitis

A

Bordetella pertussis

21
Q

Adhesion and attachment virulence factors of Bordetella pertussis

A

Filamentous hemagglutinin
Pertactin
Tracheal cytotoxin

22
Q

Non-attachment virulence factors of Bordetella pertussis

A

Adenylate cyclase toxin
Pertussis toxin
Hemolysin

23
Q

Mechanism of hemolysin virulence factor

A

Induces apoptosis of macrophages and bronchopulmonary cells

24
Q

Mechanism of pertussis toxin

A

ADP ribosylation of Gi protein to impair chemotaxis and increases sensitivity to histamine

25
Q

Mechanism of adenylate cyclase toxin A (CyaA) virulence toxin

A

Calmodulin dependent activation of cAMP that impairs chemotaxis

26
Q

Duration of classic pertussis

A

6-10 wks

27
Q

Special media for culture of Bordetella pertussis

A

Bordet Gengou/Regan Lowe

28
Q

Treatment of choice for Bordetella pertussis

A

Erythromycin/macrolide

29
Q

Pertussis complication in infants

A

Conjunctival injection

30
Q

Complications of pertussis in adolescents and adults

A

Syncope
Weight loss
Sleep disturbance
Incontinence
Rib fractures
Pneumonia

31
Q

Orthomyxovirus that causes laryngotracheobronchitis
Enveloped, negative sense ssRNA with a segmented genome

A

Influenza

32
Q

Virulence factors of Influenza virus

A

H&N
Matrix protein

33
Q

Point mutations in genes coding for H and N that alters viral antigenicity

A

Antigenic drift

34
Q

Reassortment of genome segments of different human and animal strains of influenza with random mixing during co-infection

A

Antigenic shift

35
Q

CXR findings in influenza

A

Bilateral diffuse interstitial infiltrates

36
Q

Extrapulmonary complications of influenza virus

A

Reye’s syndrome
Myositis
Myocarditis
Pericarditis

37
Q

Neuraminidase inhibitors used for influenza and there method of administration

A

Oseltamivir (PO)
Zanamivir (inhalation)

38
Q

Treatment options for influenza, type A only

A

Amantadine
Rimantadine

39
Q

Treatment options for influenza, types A & B

A

Neuraminidase inhibitors –> Oseltamivir and Zanamivir

40
Q

Mechanism of Amantadine and Rimantidine

A

Neutralize acidic pH within viral endosome

41
Q

Types of flu vaccine

A

Killed vaccine –> injection
Live attenuated vaccine –> nasal spray

42
Q

Morphology of RSV

A

Enveloped, negative sense ssRNA that replicates in cytoplasm

43
Q

Virulence factors of RSV

A

G protein and F protein

44
Q

Possible viral causes of bronchiolitis

A

RSV
Metapneumovirus
Adenovirus
Parainfluenza virus

45
Q

What should be suspected in an infant who presents with high fever, rhinitis, fussing, crying, refusing feeding, and no cough?

A

RSV

46
Q

Inflammation of terminal bronchioles with necrosis and sloughing of epithelium lining bronchioles

A

Bronchiolitis

47
Q

Treatments for RSV

A

Ribavirin
RSV-IGIV
Palivizumab

48
Q

Viral causes of acute bronchitis

A

RSV
Influenza
Parainfluenza
Adenovirus
Rhinovirus
Coxsackie
ECHO

Respiratory II (17 decks)

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