Pneumatics and Pressurization Flashcards
What systems require bleed air?
Air Conditioning
Wing Anti-Icing
Engine Starting
Hyd reservoir pressurization
Water pressurization
Where is the pressure supplied from?
Engine bleed
APU bleed or
External High Pressure ground connection
Bleed air is usually supplied from the Intermediate Pressure stage except for…
Idle conditions where the High Pressure stage supplies the bleed air.
Note: IP and HP bleed is never used at the same time
How is the bleed air cooled?
With a pre-cooler using cool air from the fan section
What is the max altitude for APU bleed?
20,000 feet
What side is the APU bleed connected to?
1 engine side, the crossfeed valve supplies APU bleed to both sides
What is unique about APU bleed air priority?
The APU has priority supplying bleed air
What is a limitation with the External High Pressure air connection?
When connected, DO NOT use any other bleed source!
Where are the leak detection loops?
APU ducting
Engine Pylon ducting
Wing ducting
What does BMC1 control?
Bleed air from Engine 1 and APU
What is special about the wing ducting?
There are 2 leak detection loops in the wings. Each monitored by different BMCs. Both loops must detect a leak for a pilot alert. Otherwise, the leak is automatically isolated.
Why would the Engine Number on the BLEED page be amber?
When the engine is below idle (off)
What happens to the associated PACK when you manually close an engine bleed valve?
Turning off the engine bleed valve automatically shuts off the associated Air Conditioning PACK.
How is the engine bleed valve closed by the pilot?
END BLEED pb OFF
OR
ENG FIRE pb engaged
Why would the BMC close the engine bleed valve?
Over temp
Over Pressure
Bleed Leak
Engine Start sequence
APU Bleed selected ON
How would Physics close the engine bleed valve?
No air pressure (spring loaded closed)
If reverse pressure is sensed
When will the auto X BLEED valve open?
When APU bleed is selected on.
What happens to the PACK control valve during engine start?
They automatically close to provide max pressure for engine start.
They will auto open ~30 seconds after start sequence
If an engine bleed fails during icing conditions, what is a limitation?
One engine bleed CAN NOT operate both PACKs when de-icing is on
During an engine bleed failure, can you use APU to supplement pressure?
NO, remember if you select APU bleed this will automatically close both engine bleed valves!
What is a icing limitation during a bleed air leak?
You CANNOT XFEED bleed air because of the leak as this will feed it the leak. Since you do not want to de-ice only one wing, you must depart icing conditions.
What are the max pressure differentials for the two safety v
+8.6psi and -1.0psi
How is pressurization controlled?
Two Pressurization Controllers (CPC) each has a backup section
What does the Residual Pressure Control Unit do? (A320 only)
Automatically depressurizes in case of abnormal residual pressure on the ground.Activates if (all conditions):The outflow valve does not fully openBoth CPCs fail or manual modeAC on the groundEngines are shutdown or <100knots
What are the inputs to the Pressure Controllers?
FMS, LGCIUs, ADIRs and throttle position
When would you have to set the landing elevation?
Destination airport is not in the FMS database
or
Both FMGCs fail
What does the DITCHING pb close?
Outflow valve (if not set to MAN)
Emergency Ram Air Inlet
Avionics ventilation inlet and extract valves
Pack flow control valves
Forward cargo isolation valves
What happens during takeoff?
When TOGA power is set, the controller starts cabin pressure climb at 400fpm until delta P is 0.1psi. Aborted takeoffs revert to ground mode.
When will the pressurization system enter Abort mode?
Below 8000’
less than normal climb or descent >200fpm for 30 seconds
Pressure reset to +0.1psi until climb re-initiated
What is the max normal delta pressurization?
8 psi
What is normal rate of cabin decent?
-750fpm, after touchdown it continues at -500fpm
When does the pressurization controller switch to the other
After each landing
When in MAN mode, what is the target cabin VSI?
500fpm
On the SD, when is GND displayed?
Displayed in white when the aircraft is on the ground.
How many BMC’s are there? What happens if left or right BMC fails?
- 2 - If one BMC fails, the adjacent BMC takes over the monitoring of the bleed system to issue the following ECAM warnings:o Over pressureo Over temperatureo Wing leak.- BMC 1 lost: (ENG 1) APU leak detection lost.- BMC 2 lost: (ENG 2) GEN 2 leak detection lost.
During normal operation when would you expect to see the HP valve OPEN?
When idle.- Air is normally bled form the intermediate pressure stage (IP) of engine’s high-pressure (HP) compressor to minimize fuel penalty.- At low engine speed, when the pressure and temperature of the IP air are to low, the system bleeds air from the HP stage and maintain it at 36+/-4PSI.- An intermediate pressure check valve downstream of the IP part closes to prevent air from the HP stage from being circulated to the IP stage.
How is the Bleed Air Temperature regulated and to what temperature?
- A pre-cooler downstream of the bleed valve regulates the temperature of the bleed air.- The pre-cooler is an air-to-air heat exchanger than uses cooling air bleed from the engine fan to regulate the temperature to approximately 200 degrees.
How is the bleed air pressure regulated? What is the normal pressure?
- The bleed valve, which is downstream of the junction of HP and IP ducting, acts as a shut-off and pressure regulating valve.- It maintains delivery pressure at 45+/-5PSI.- May fluctuate between 38 ~ 56PSI with max peak-to-peak pressure of 16PSI) at high engine power to FL100).
With the cross-bleed selector in AUTO, what controls the position of the crossbleed valve?
- 2 electric motors, one for automatic, one from manual mode, control the valve.- In automatic mode, the crossbleed value opens when the system uses APU bleed air. It closes, if the system detects an air leak, except during engine start.
What happens if a bleed leak occurs with the crossbleed selector in AUTO?
It closes. Except during engine start.
Which bleed (engine or APU) has priority?
APU
Does the overhead panel FAULT light extinguish when the temperature drops following a bleed overheat?
The FAULT light goes out when the ENG BLEED p/b switch is OFF if the fault has disappeared.
When do the bleed air temperature drops following bleed overheat?
The FAULT light goes out when the ENG BLEED p/b switch is OFF if the fault has disappeared.
When do the bleed air temperature and pressure go amber on the S.D?
- Pre-cooler outlet temperature overheat 290 degrees for > 5sec, 270 degrees for > 15sec, 257 degrees for > 55sec, or < 4PSI, or if overpressure detected by BMC (threshold 57-60PSI).
Is WAI allowed if only one bleed system is operating?
Yes, if only one pack operating.
What should you NOT do if GD LP Air is connected? And the HP air?
LP: Packs 1+2 OFF, to prevent pack contamination.HP: Do NOT use packs + APU bleed.
How many Automatic Cabin Pressure Controllers are there?
2
How many motors can drive the Outflow Valve?
- 3 (2 auto AC, a manual DC)- Slow on DC for manual to slow OFV.
What causes a safety valve to operate?
> 8.6 PSI or < 1 PSI
What is the OFV position with the AC on the ground?
Before takeoff and 55secs after landing, the outflow valve fully opens to ensure that there is no residual cabin pressure. At touch down, any remaining cabin pressure is released at a cabin v/s of 500’/min.
During climb, cabin ROC is a function of what?
The cabin attitude varies according to a fixed pre-programmed law that takes into account the aircraft’s actual ROC.