PN 1052 T

Question 1

Normal flora

Answer 1

Micro organism that normally reside in and on the body help maintain health

Question 2

Body system defence

Answer 2

Many body system have unique defences against infection

Question 3

Inflammations

Answer 3

protective vascular reaction in response to injury or infection

Question 4

Local

Answer 4

An infection preseint in one are of the body

Question 5

Systematic

Answer 5

An infection that has spread throughout the body

Question 6

Risk factors of infection

Answer 6

Age/ stress/ diabetes/ low immune system/bad hygiene/dehydration

Nutritional status/ diseases

Question 7

classification of conceptualization

Health care associated infections

Answer 7

Hospital- MSRSA VRE C-DIFF
body needs probiotic

Question 8

health as stability

Answer 8

health is defined as the maintenance of physiological functional as social norms

Question 9

health as actualization

Answer 9

health is defined as the actualization of human potential.

Question 10

actualization and stability

Answer 10

both concepts are incorportated in the definition of health as the realization of human potential through goal protective behaviour

Question 11

health as resource

Answer 11

assets emerged in the ottawa charter of health promotion
includes capacities to fulfill roles, meets, demands, and engage in activities of everyday living

Question 12

health as unity

Answer 12

reflecting the whole person as process and synonymous with self transcendence.

Question 13

labonte 1993 developed a multidimensional conceptualization of health the reflects both of actualization and stability perspective\
feeling vitalized and full of energy
having satisfying social relationships
having a feeling of control over ones life and living conditions
being able to do things that ones enjoy
having sense of purpose
feeling connected to the community

Question 14

health is being empowered to define seek, and find conditions, resources and processes to be an effective agent in meeting the significant needs perceived by individuals

Question 15

three approaches

Answer 15

medical approach
behavioural approach
socioenvironmental approach

Question 16

medical approach = stability orientation to health, dominated western thinking for most of the 20th century. It emphasizes the notion that medical interventions restores health

Question 17

physiological risk factors = precursor to or risk factors for disease
ex. hypertension

Question 18

down stream thinking = health care interventions that focuses on individual health concerns, treatment and cure

Question 19

Behavioural approach = assess, advise, agree, assist and arrange, to incorporate multiple self-management strategies when supporting clients with a chronic illness to assist in improved outcomes.

Question 20

health field concept = identifying two main health-related objectives: the health care system; and prevention of health problems and promotion of good health.

Question 21

behavioural risk factors = tobacco use, alcohol consumption, physical activity and diet, sexual practices, and disease screening.

Question 22

socioenvirnmental approach = tied to social structures

Answer 22

upstream thinking approach = health promotion and prevention strategies focus on policy intervention that benefits the whole populations
also include primary health care interventions that focuses on people well being

Question 23

achieving health for all
three major challenges = reducing inequities, prevention increasing and enhancing coping mechanism

Question 24

social determinants
income and income distributions
education
unemployed and job security
employnment and working conditions

Question 25

risk factor = condition that increases a persons susceptibility to develop disease
psychosocial risk factors = complex psychological experiences that results from social circumstances such as isolations, lack of social support, limited networks
socioenvironmental risk conditions = conditions that includes poverty, low education, stressful work, pollution and discrimination
structural vulnerabilities = location in society powers hierarchies and policy level.
social determinants of health = economic and social conditions that shape the health and individuals , commitment and jurisdiction.
health disparities = differences in health status among different population groups
health equity = absence of unfair system and policies that cause health inequalities.
food insecurity = not able to afford or provide nutritious food
health literacy = describe the skills that enable individuals to obtain understand, and use information to make decisions and take actions that will have impact in health status

Question 26

Social determinants of health
income and income distributors
education
unemployment
employment and working conditions
early childhood development
food insecurity
housing
environment
social exclusion
social safety network
health services
indigenous status
gender
culture race and racism
dissability
social environment( social safety net

Question 27

identity politics = specifics groups in struggles of equality
racism = direct or indirect asserts that one group is inherently superior to others
racialization = occurs when the dominant group or groups in societal construct races being real different and unequals in ways that matter to economic , racial disparities in health.
systematic racism = embedded in the laws, regulations , policies and practices of a society or an organization can be traced back to colonization and narractive of culutral hierarchy and white supremacy

Question 28

strategies that influence health determinants
health promotions and disease prevention
health promotions = increasing the level of well being and self actualization
disease prevention = avoid or forestall illness/disease

Question 29

3 levels of disease prevention
primary = activates to protect against disease before signs and symptoms appears
secondary = promote early detection of disease once pathogens has occurred so that prompt treatment can initiated
tertiary = initiate in the convalescence stage of disease and are directed toward minimizing residual disability.

Answer 29

Health promotions addresses = health issues in the context
support holistic approach
long term perspective
multisectoral
draws on knowledge from social, ecomical, political environment

Question 30

health promotion strategies
build healthy publicly policy = means focusing on healthy living conditions
create supportive environment = ensures that physical environment are healthy and safe and working and living conditions are stimulating and satisfying.
strengthen community actions = requisite for successful health promotion and community health nursing practice in canada.
develop personal skills = helps clients develop personal skills, enhance coping strategies, and gain control over their health and environments so that they can make healthy lifestyle choices.
reorient health services = increased community development improved community based care services, increased family based care. A proactive approach
2 types emphasis from treating disease to improving and make health care system more efficient and effective

Question 31

population health promotion model
putting it all together

Question 32

subjective are the patients
objective is what you see or observe of a patients

Question 33

patient is usually the nurses best source of information
family and caregivers = second best source of information to a patients - infants or children
health care team = usually they communicates whats the best approach to the patients/gather informations to the patients
medical records = patients medical history
tertiary sources
literature = reviewing about medical and pharmacological literature about the patients present in health status.
nurse experience = good clinical reasoning as essential of eliciting and process information
interview = organized conversation with a patients

Question 34

Validation = comparing data with another sources to determine data accuracy
Data analysis = involves recognizing patterns or trends in the clustered data, comparing them with a standard
concept map = visual representation that show the connections between a patients health problems.
medical diagnosis = identification of the disease condition on the basis of a specific evaluation of physical signs, medical history, and the result of the diagnostic tests and procedures
nursing diagnosis = second step of a nursing process, determines health problems within the domain of nursing.
collaborative problem = actual or potential physiological complication that nurses monitor to detect the onset of changes in a patients status

Question 35

defining characteristics = clinical criteria or assessment findings that help confirm an actual nursing diagnosis
clinical criteria = objective or subjective signs or symptoms, clusters of the symptoms, risks factors to diagnosis conclusion

Question 36

actual nursing diagnosis = describes responses to health conditions or life processes that exist in an individual, family and community
risk nursing diagnosis = describe human responses to health condition or life processes that will possibly develop in a vulnerable family or community
health promotion diagnosis = =clinical judgement of a persons, family, community motivations and desire to increases well being and actulize human health potential
wellness nursing diagnosis = describes levels of wellness in an individual, family, or community that can be enhanced.

Question 37

diagnostic label = patients response to health conditions in a few words as possible
related factor = is a condition or etiology identified from the patients assessment data

Question 38

goals of care
person centred goal is a specific and measurable behavioural response that reflects a patients highest possible level of wellness and independence function.
short term goal = objective behaviour or response that a patient is expected to achieve in a short time, usually less than a week.
long term goal = longer period usually several weeks

Question 39

P C G or outcome = responses that are expected after nursing interventions/ write a goal to reflect on their behaviour
singular goal or outcome = should be precise in evaluating the patient response to a nursing actions
observable goal or outcomes = nurses need to be able to observe whether change in a patients status occurs. change in physiological findings and in the patients knowledge. nurse ask about the patients conditions by using assessment skills
measurable goal or outcomes = patients response to nursing care
time limited outcome = time frame for each goals and expected outcomes indicates when the expected responses should occur
mutual goal = mutually sets goal and expected outcomes ensure that the patients and nurse agree
realistic goal = goals that are only achievable. patients are then more likely to feel empowerment, which increases their motivation and cooperation.

Question 40

nursing care plans = includes nursing diagnosis, goals , expected outcomes or both and specific nursing interventions.
critical pathways = inter-professional treatments plan that outline the treatment or interventions that patients may require treatment of a condition
consultation = seeking the expertise physicians or specialist.

Answer 40

d c
d
c
d
d
a
b a
b
b

Question 41

Implementation
nursing interventions = is any treatment based on clininical judgement and knowledge and enhancing patients outcomes
direct care = interventions are treatment perform through interaction of patients
indirect care = intervention are treatments performed away from the patient but on behalf of the patients or group of patients
consultations = another type of indirect interventions is a collaborative interventions.

Question 42

Types of nursing interventions
independent nursing foundations = actions that do not requires directions or order from the other health care providers
depended nursing intervention = action that do require orders or directions from physicians
collaborative interventions = therapies that require the combined knowledge, skill and expertise of numerous health care providers

Question 43

selection of interventions
1 nursing diagnosis
2 goals and expected outcomes
3 the evidence base
4 feasibility
5 acceptability to the patient
6 nurses competence

Question 44

medical directive or standing order = is a statement of orders of the conduct of routine therapies, monitoring, guidelines or diagnostic procedures or a combination of

Question 45

preparation from implementation = ensure efficient, safe , and effective nursing care. reassessing , re evaluating the patient, reviewing, revising care plan/ organizing resources

Question 46

equipment = nurses must know what equipment to use for the interventions
personnel = nurses are responsible for determining whether to perform an intervention or to delegate it to another member of the nursing team.
environment = a care environment needs to be safe and conducive to the implementation of therapies
patient = physical and physiological comfortable as posible
scientific rationale =how certain interventions prevent or minimize complications, help the nurse to use the most preventive solution

Question 48

infection control

Question 50

Why hygiene is important?

Answer 50

professionalism
cleanliness
presentable

Question 51

socioeconomic status