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PN 1078 T > anatomy unit 3-5 > Flashcards

anatomy unit 3-5 Flashcards

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1
Q

Structural parts of the cells

A

Plasma membrane
Cytoplasm
nucleus

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2
Q

plasma membrane

A

outer boundary
thin two layered membrane of phopholipids
embedded w proteins
permeable

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3
Q

Cytoplasm

A

all cell substance from the nucleus to the plasma membrane

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4
Q

cytoskeleton

A

internal framework

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5
Q

ribosomes

A

two tiny subunit rRNA
protein factories

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6
Q

endoplasmic reticulum

A

rough er - folds and transport
smooth er - chemicals, makes new membrane

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7
Q

golgi apparatus

A

flattened sacs near nucleus
packaged proteins

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8
Q

mitochondria

A

power plants cell

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9
Q

Lysosome

A

contains digestive enzymes
digestive bags

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10
Q

centrosome

A

microtubules
cytoskeleton near nuclues

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11
Q

cell extensions

A

microvilli
cilia
flagella

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12
Q

nucleus

A

central structure of the cell
contains most of the genetic codes

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13
Q

diffusion

A

substances scatter

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14
Q

osmosis

A

diffusion of water

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15
Q

filtration

A

movement of water and solutes
hydrostatic pressure on on side of membrane

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16
Q

dialysis

A

diffusion of small solutes particles

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16
Q

phagocytosis

A

cell eating
engulfs large particles
protective mechanism

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17
Q

ion pumps

A

protein complex
uses ATP

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18
Q

Active transport

A
19
Q

pinocytosis

A

cell drinking
dissolved substance into cells

20
Q

DNA

A

helix
master code of the cells

21
Q

genetic code

A

genetic information
stored in base pair sequences

22
Q

RNA and ribonucleic acid

A

copies genetic information from the nucleus and carries it to the cytoplasm

23
Q

protein synthesis

A

occurs in cytoplasm
transferring genetic information
from nucleus to cytoplasm
transcription translation

24
Q

cell growth

A

protein synthesis
transcription - mRNA
translation - involves synthesis of proteins in cytoplasm by ribosomes
codon - a series of 3 nucleotides

25
Q

DNA replication

A

process by which each half of a DNA molecule become a whole molecule identical to the original DNA molecule

26
Q

Cell reproduction
cell life cycle

A

two daughter cells
interphase
reproductinve of cell divisions

27
Q

prophase first stage

A

chromosomes appears
centrioles move away
spindle fibers appear
nuclear envelope disappears, freeing genetic materia

28
Q

metaphase second stage

A

chromosome align across center of cell
spindle fibers attach to each chromatic

29
Q

anaphase 3rd stage

A

separated chromatids are called chromosomes
cleavage develops

30
Q

telophase fourth stage

A

nuclei appear in daughter cells
nuclear envelope and nucleoli appear
cytoplasm is divided (cytokinesis)
daughter cells become fully functional

31
Q

tissue types extracellular matrix

A

tissues differ in the amount and kind of fluid between cells
matrix is also called extracellular matrix (ECM)
the matrix varies in amoun and composition among the various tissues
epithelial tissues have any very little matrix because the cells are so closely connected

32
Q

cuboidal

A

cube shaped

32
Q

columnar

A

higher than they are wide

32
Q

epitheleal tissue

A

covers the body and many of its part

33
Q

squamous

A

flat and scalelike

34
Q

transition

A

varying shapes that can stretch

35
Q

simple and stratified

A
36
Q

connective tissue

A

most abundant and widely distributed tissue in body, with many different types, appearances, and function

37
Q

Areolar (loose connective tissue)
f

A

fibrous glue that holds the organs together, collagenous and elastic fibers

38
Q

Adipose ( fat) tissue

A

lipid storage, metabolism regulation and brown fat
produces heat

39
Q

connective tissues

A

Reticular - delicate net of collage fibers, as in bone marrow
dense fibrous tissue - bundles of strong collagen fibers, and example is a tendon
bone tissue - matrix is calcified/ functions as supports and protection
cartilage - matrix is consistency of gristle like gel; chondrocyte cell
blood tissue - matrix is flluid; functions are transportation and protection

40
Q

Muscle tissues

A

skeletal muscle tissue; attaches bones’ also called striated or voluntary
cardiac muscle - striated involuntary; heart wall ; cannot control contractions
smooth muscle - nonstriated (visceral) or involuntary’ found in blood vessels

41
Q

nervous tissue

A

function of nervous tissue is to provde rapid communication between body structures and control

42
Q

nerve cells

A

cell body
one axon
one or more dendrites

supporting cells; glia or neuroglia

PN 1078 T (13 decks)

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