1078 unit 5-10

Question 1

Culturally responsive care
integrates these cultural beliefs into an individuals health care.

promotes trust and rapport with patients

Question 2

Culture and subculture

Answer 2

v is a set of beliefs, attitudes, and practices shared by a group of people or community that is accepted, followed, and passed down to other members of the group

Question 3

A subculture is a smaller group of people within a culture, often based on a person’s occupation, hobbies, interests, or place of origin

Answer 3

EXAMPLE OF SUBCULTURE
Age/Generation
Baby Boomers, Millennials, Gen Z
Occupation
Truck Driver, Computer Scientist, Nurse
Hobbies/Interests
Birdwatchers, Gamers, Foodies, Skateboarders
Religion
Hinduism, Baptist, Islam
Gender
Male, Female, Nonbinary, Two-Spirit
Geography
Rural, Urban, Southern, Midwestern

Question 4

People typically belong to more than one culture simultaneously. These cultures overlap, intersect, and are woven together to create a person’s cultural identity. In other words, the many ways in which a person expresses their cultural identity are not separated, but are closely intertwined, referred to as

intersectionality.

Question 4

Assimilation is the process of adopting or conforming to the practices, habits, and norms of a cultural group. As a result, the person gradually takes on a new cultural identity and may lose their original identity in the process.5

Question 5

Cultural concepts

Answer 5

Family Patterns
Family size
Views on contraception
Roles of family members
Naming customs
Value placed on elders and children Discipline/upbringing of children Rites of passage
End-of-life care

Communication Patterns
Eye contact
Touch
Use of silence or humor
Intonation, vocabulary, grammatical structure Topics considered personal (i.e., difficult to discus Greeting customs (handshakes, hugs)

Space Orientation
Personal distance and intimate space

Question 6

Cultural diversity is a term used to describe cultural differences among people. See Figure 3.28 for artwork depicting diversity.

Question 6

The American Nurses Associa- tion (ANA) defines cultural humility as, “A humble and respectful attitude toward individuals of other cultures that pushes one to challenge their own cultural biases, realize they cannot possibly know everything about other cultures, and approach learning about other cultures as a lifelong goal and process

Question 7

RELATED TO CULTURE

Answer 7

Stereotyping
The assumption that a person has the attributes, traits, beliefs, and values of a cultural group because they are a member of that group.

Ethnocentrism
The belief that one’s culture (or race, eth- nicity, or country) is better and preferable than another’s.

Discrimination
The unfair and different treatment of another person or group, denying them opportunities and rights to participate fully in society.

Prejudice
A prejudgment or preconceived idea, often unfavourable, about a person or group of people.
.
Bias
An attitude, opinion, or inclination (positive or negative) towards a group or members of a group. Bias can be a con- scious attitude (explicit) or an unconscious attitude where the person is not aware of their bias (implicit).

Question 8

Race is a socially constructed idea because there are no true genetically- or biologically-distinct races. Humans are not biologically different from each other

Question 9

Racism presumes that races are distinct from one another, and there is a hierarchy to race, implying that races are unequal

Question 10

Sexual orientation refers to a person’s physical and emotional interest or desire for others. Sexual orientation is on a continuum and is manifested in one’s self-identity and behaviours

Question 11

Gender identity refers to a person’s inner sensibility that they are a man, a woman, or perhaps neither. Cisgender is the term used to describe a person whose identity matches their sex assigned at birth.

Question 12

Gender expression refers to a person’s outward demonstration of gender in relation to societal norms, such as in style of dress, hairstyle, or other mannerisms

Question 12

Justice, a principle and moral obligation to act on the basis of equality and equity, is a standard linked to fair- ness for all in society

Answer 12

The ANA defines social justice as equal rights, equal treatment, and equitable opportunities for all

Question 13

Social determinants of health are nonmedical factors that influence health outcomes, including conditions in which people are born, grow, work, live, and age, and the wider sets of forces and systems shaping the conditions of daily life

Cultural competence is a lifelong process of applying evidence-based nursing in agreement with the cultural values, beliefs, worldview, and practices of patients to produce improved patient outcomes.

Transcultural nursing incorporates cultural beliefs and practices of individuals to help them maintain and regain health or to face death in a meaningful way.v

Cultural awareness is a deliberate, cognitive process in which health care providers become appreciative and sensitive to the values, beliefs, attitudes, practices, and problem-solving strategies of a patient’s culture.

cultural desire refers to the intrinsic motivation and commitment on the part of a nurse to develop cultural awareness and cultural competency

Cultural knowledge refers to seeking information about cultural health beliefs and values to understand patients’ world views

Cultural sensitivity means being tolerant and accepting of cultural practices and beliefs of people.

Cultural skill is reflected by the nurse’s ability to gather and synthesize relevant cultural information about their patients while planning care and using culturally sensitive communication skills.

health care disparity that refers to differences in access to health care and insurance coverage. Health disparities and health care disparities can lead to decreased quality of life, increased personal costs, and lower life expectancy

Question 14

Implicit biases result from unconscious attitudes and beliefs that are systemically ingrained in people who lack awareness and knowledge of how these biases affect their behaviour toward certain people

Implicit biases can manifest into repeated subtle, verbal, or non-verbal insults towards marginalized persons, which are termed as ‘micro aggressions’.

Question 15

TREATY 4
1874
Treaty 4 covers the
southern part of present-
day Saskatchewan with
small portions in western
Manitoba and southern
Alberta. No First Nations
from present-day Alberta
signed Treaty 4.

Treaty 6 1876
an agreement between the crown and the dene cree, nakota sioux and saulteaux. treaty 6 covers central alberta and saskatchewan.

TREATY 7
1877
Treaty 7 is an agreement
between the Crown and
the Blackfoot Confederacy
(Kainai, Piikani and Siksika),
Stoney-Nakoda and Tsuu
T’ina First Nations. Treaty
7 covers southern Alberta
and a small portion of
Saskatchewan.

TREATY 8
1899
Treaty 8 is an agreement
between the Crown and
the Cree and Dene in
what is now known as
Alberta, British Columbia,
Saskatchewan and the
Northwest Territories.

TREATY 10
1906
Treaty 10 covers the
present-day areas of the
northern part of Manitoba,
northeastern Saskatchewan
and a small portion of east
central Alberta. Heart Lake
First Nation is a party to
Treaty 10

Question 16

Denial = inability to see cultural differences and is reflective of individuals who isolate themselves in a homogenous group ( tend to ignore diversity, stereotypes, stupid questions syndromes)

Develop better skills in category discrimination
become more sophisticated in thinking
become more complex in cognitive processing

recognition of cultural differences

3 areas of defences
denigration or derogation = belittling or actively discriminating against one another
superiority = extreme ethnocentrism to the point where one looks down on another
reversal = changing sides or evaluating one’s own culture as inferior to another.

minimization stage = recognize superficial cultural differences
belief all humans are essentially the same
all people have the same needs but in reality, they don’t

ethnorelative = change in one’s view of difference
adapt to those changes
recognize different cultural context
stages
acceptance = more culture about, more comparison can make
recognize and appreciate people

adaptation = stage where people begin to see people
better teaching
cognitive empathy
use empathy relatively