PMP2 Midterm Flashcards
What are the layers of the dermis?
outer papillary layer, deeper reticular layer
Development of new skin lesions or the worsening of existing ones in response to trauma or injury to the skin
koebner reaction
This skin lesion is typically described as fine, white, lace-like lines or dots that appear on the surface of affected skin areas
wickham’s striae
This skin lesion is described as a periungual extension of brown-black pigmentation from longitudinal melanonychia onto the proximal and lateral nail folds
Hutchinson’s sign
This nail lesion may be indicative of subungual melanoma.
Hutchinson’s sign
A clinical test for the diagnosis of glomus tumours.
Hildreth’s test
Which virus causes warts?
HPV
What is the most common treatment for warts?
acid, blistering agents, cryotherapy, burning, laser
What is this pathology, and how is it formed?
koilonychia; iron deficiency anemia
What is this pathology, and how is it formed?
habit tic deformity; habitual external trauma to the nail matrix
What is this pathology, and how is it formed?
Mee’s lines; arsenic poisoning, renal failure, chemotherapy
What is this pathology, and how is it formed?
onychomadesis; chemotherapy
What are the top 3 testing options for onychomycosis?
KOH, PAS, culture
What is the most effective treatment option for onychomycosis?
Oral medication, like Terbinafine (Lamisil)
What is the medical term for nail cuticle?
eponychium
Which matrix is responsible for forming the nail plate and about 90% of total nail growth?
germinal matrix
Which matrix forms the ventral nail and adds thickness?
sterile matrix
What stage of Mozena classification of ingrown nail has nail fold 3 mm or higher?
stage IIb or 3
What is the difference between nail avulsion and matrixectomy?
A nail avulsion removes part or all of the nail from the nail bed. The other is a permanent nail avulsion.
Surgical procedure performed by an L-shaped wedge resection of tissue including the nail matrix and the offending tissue border.
Frost matrixectomy
A surgical procedure which is an avulsion of the entire nail plate
Suppan matrixectomy
A ___ procedure is used when you have an ingrown toenail with hypertrophied soft tissue border.
Winograd
This matrixectomy is described as an H-shaped incision.
Zadik
What is a surgical consideration before a matrixectomy is performed?
HIV/CD4 <200. Platelet< 50. Glucose <200
**controls joint motion
**rigid/semi-rigid
**restricts forces acting on foot
**shell ends proximal to the met heads
**top cover optional
functional orthotic
**No joint motion control
**Redistributive forces
**Usually softer materials
**Full length
**Top cover needed
accommodative orthotic
What is Root Theory?
Structural deformities lead to altered foot function, which leads to compensation, which leads to pathology
What is the general idea of the tissue stress theory?
It is based on the patient’s CC. It takes the pathology/structure into account in the beginning and then design the orthotic.
In which position should the MTJ be in for a negative suspension plaster cast?
dorsiflexed and everted (locked)
What marks do we want to transfer onto a plaster cast to help the lab make a good device?
skin lines, heel bisection
This time for MRI is good for evaluating anatomy
T1
This time for MRI is good for evaluating pathology and water (inflammation)
T2
Contrast MRI is usually NOT needed for which type of injuries?
MSK injuries
When is contrast MRI helpful?
infection, tumors, vascular malformations
Which imaging technique is most harmful to the patient?
CT
What is angle B on this DP? What is normal?
1st intermetatarsal angle; 8-12 degrees
What is angle A on this DP? What is normal?
hallux abductus angle (HAA), 1st MTP angle; 0-15 degrees
What is angle C on this DP? What is normal?
hallux abductus interphalangeus angle; 0-10 degrees
