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PMP2 Final Flashcards

1
Q

How do you calculate the true IMA?

A

IMA + (MAA -15)

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2
Q

What is a normal HIA?

A

10

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3
Q

What is a normal HAA?

A

15

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4
Q

What is a normal PASA/DASA?

A

7.5

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5
Q

What is a normal IMA?

A

8

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6
Q

What is a normal MAA?

A

15

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7
Q

What is a normal 1st met dec angle?

A

21

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8
Q

What procedure would you consider doing for an increased PASA?

A

Reverdin or Reverdin-Green

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9
Q

What type of procedure is a Reverdin and all of its modifications?

A

metatarsal head medial wedge osteotomy

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10
Q

What is a Reverdin-Green modification?

A

protects the sesamoids

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11
Q

For an increased PASA and moderate increased IMA (12-15) what procedures would you consider?

A

Bicorrectional Austin, Mitchell, Hohmann, Wilson

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12
Q

What is an Austin procedure?

A

chevron cut at 60 degree angle in the met head; it corrects moderate IMA (12-15)

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13
Q

What is a Mitchell procedure?

A

for moderate IMA (12-15); allows for lateral translation of the met head and preserves the lateral cortex

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14
Q

What is a Hohmann procedure?

A

for moderate IMA (12-15); through and through medial wedge which will shift met head lateral and plantarflex

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15
Q

What is a Wilson procedure?

A

for moderate IMA (12-15); it is a oblique cut distal-medial to proximal-lateral; it WILL SHORTEN the first met

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16
Q

For an increased PASA and severe IMA (>15), which procedures would you consider?

A

Logroscino (CWBO + Reverdin), Lapidus + Reverdin

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17
Q

What is a Logroscino procedure?

A

For increased PASA and severe IMA (>15); CWBO + Reverdin

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18
Q

For moderately increased IMA (12-15), which procedures would you consider?

A

Austin, Kalish, Mitchell, Hohmann, Wilson, Scarf

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19
Q

What is a Kalish procedure?

A

For moderate increased IMA (12-15); chevron osteotomy with a long dorsal arm; angle is 55

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20
Q

What is a closing wedge base osteotomy?

A

For severe IMA (>15)

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21
Q

What is an opening wedge base osteotomy?

A

For severe IMA (>15); you add in a wedge

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22
Q

What is the Vogler (offset V) procedure?

A

For severe IMA (>15); similar to Austin but the angle is at 40 degrees

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23
Q

What is a Ludloff procedure?

A

For severe IMA (>15); shaft procedure with a cut proximal-dorsal to distal-plantar

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24
Q

What is the Mau procedure?

A

For severe IMA (>15); shaft procedure incline angle with a cut proximal-plantar to distal-dorsal

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25
Q

What is a Lapidus procedure?

A

For severe IMA (>15); arthrodesis of 1st met and medial cuneiform

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26
Q

What is a cheilectomy?

A

removes portion of metatarsal head to relieve hallux limitus

27
Q

What is a Youngswick procedure?

A

for mild bunions or hallux limitus; modified Austin but an extra dorsal wedge is removed to allow plantarflexion of 1st ray

28
Q

What percent of shock is absorbed by the heel fat pad?

29
Q

In plantar fasciitis, what is the underlying cause?

A

plantar fascia is thickened with tenocytes bc tissue is trying to repair itself from all the microtears

30
Q

In plantar fasciitis, as tissue is trying to adapt what a long term effect on the calcaneus?

A

bone spur growing in the transverse plane (it is a secondary effect and not the main problem)

31
Q

The radiograph for 3 view heel include which ones?

A

MO, lateral, and axial calcaneal view

You don’t want the DP view.

32
Q

1st toe directed laterally in transverse plane
HAV angle = >12

A

Hallux Valgus

33
Q

1st dtoe directed laterally in transverse plane + abduction in frontal plane
HAV angle = >12

A

Hallux Abducto Valgus

34
Q

What is the primary motion of the 1st ray?

A

45 degrees in sagittal and frontal planes (DF, PF, Inversion, Eversion)

35
Q

Which is more severe in the sense that there is a decreased ROM, structural or functional hallux limitus?

A

Structural bc both the OKC and CKC ROM <65

36
Q

Which stage of Hallux Limitus would you rate if you observed crepitus?

A

At least stage 3

37
Q

For mild bunion procedures, what is the post-op course?

A

WBAT post op shoe 6-8 weeks. Then PT

38
Q

For moderate to severe bunion procedures, what is the post-op course?

39
Q

A positive Veilleux’s sign indicates what?

A

sciatica or radiculopathy

40
Q

The gastroc, soleus are major _____ during gait.

A

accelerators

41
Q

The tib anterior is a major _____ during gait.

A

decelerator

42
Q

During heel strike, what is the specific role of the criss-cross between PT and peroneus longus in acceleration?

A

They are concentric plantarflexing the ankle in the sagittal plane

43
Q

During heel strike, what is the specific role of the criss-cross between PT and peroneus longus in decceleration?

A

(F*ck The Desk)
They are concentric stabilizer the ankle in the frontal & transverse plane

44
Q

Be able to identify plantar fasciitis on an ultrasound.
If fascia is thicker than __mm = plantar fasciitis

45
Q

What is verruca plantaris?

A

plantar warts

46
Q

What’s the medical terminology for ingrown toenail?

A

onychocryptosis

47
Q

What are the differences between avulsion and matrixectomy for an ingrown toenail?

A

Avulsion → removal of some or all nail plate → use tools
Matrixectomy → permanent destruction of nail matrix → prevent nail growth → using chemical
Can be done as partial or total matrixectomy

48
Q

Functional orthotics will correct what type of foot problem?

A

Restore abnormal biomechanic and function of joint

49
Q

Accommodative orthotics will correct what type of foot problem?

A

Reduce pressure or strain

50
Q

What is the THA for DP WB view?

A

15 degrees

51
Q

What is the THA for MO WB view? How does pt position the foot?

A

0 degrees; pt rotates foot 45 degrees with the plate

52
Q

What angle is used to diagnose foot cavus vs planus on radiograph?

A

Meary’s Angle
Normal: 0 degree
Pes cavus: > 4 degrees → convex upward
Pes planus:< -4 degrees → convex downward

53
Q

What are the mechanics of a claw toe?

A

flexed DIPJ, flexed PIPJ, extended MTPJ

54
Q

What are the mechanics of a hammertoe?

A

extended DIPJ, flexed PIPJ, extended MTPJ

55
Q

What are the mechanics of a malletoe?

A

flexed DIPJ

56
Q

What is the difference between apophysis and exostosis?

A

apophysis is where a tendon or ligament attaches
exostosis is a bony outgrowth from an existing bone

57
Q

Describe the wing and sling apparatus.

A

the sling wraps around the metatarsal w/ the EDL tendon superior and plantar plate inferior

the wing extends from the lumbrical

58
Q

What is a Type I Fallet classification?

A

enlarged lateral met head

59
Q

What is a Type II Fallet classification?

A

lateral bowing

60
Q

What is a Type III Fallet classification?

A

increased mini IM angle (most common)

61
Q

What is a Type IV Fallet classification?

A

combined (not common)

62
Q

What is the most common etiology for tailor’s bunion?

A

forefoot varus

63
Q

What is the average 4th IMA for symptomatic feet regarding tailor bunion?

64
Q

What is the only wedge osteotomy performed on the 5th met that is a lateral opening wedge?

PMP2 (10 decks)

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