Bone Healing Flashcards
The _____ _____ marks the transition from cartilage to bone, serving as the initial site of bone formation outside the primary ossification center.
periosteal collar
Secondary ossification centers are located in the ______ of long bones.
epiphyses
What are the requirements for normal primary bone healing?
- Adequate vascular supply
- Stable fracture ends
- Normal Nourishment
- Rigid immobilization
- No displacement
Bone is comprised of two types of tissue
Compact bone provides the necessary strength to withstand ____, _____, and _____ forces.
compressive, bending, rotational
The osteon (Haversian system) is mainly composed of which material?
calcium hydroxyapatite and type 1 collagen
What type of bone is located predominantly within the ends of long bones?
spongy bone
What is the name of the cell type which is responsible for new bone growth?
osteoprogenitor cells (which are derived from mesenchymal stem cells)
____ are the “bone builders” which are responsible for bone formation by secreting ____.
Osteoblasts, osteoid
As the osteoid calcifies, the osteoblast becomes trapped and matures into this cell type
osteocyte
This bone cell type is responsible for bone resorption
osteoclasts
This type of bone healing occurs when there is anatomic alignment and rigid fixation preventing motion at the bone ends
Primary bone healing (direct healing)
This type of bone healing requires an additional step in the healing cascade
Gap healing
When there is a gap between bone ends (800 microns to 1 mm) there is a response of _____ bone filling the void ____ to the long axis of the bone instead of longitudinally.
lamellar; perpendicular
This is the more common method of bone healing
Secondary bone healing (indirect healing)
This type of bone healing doesn’t require an anatomic reduction and is enhanced by micro-motion and axial loading via weight bearing
secondary bone healing (indirect healing)
_____ ossification involves the formation of bone from a cartilage template
endochondral
______ ossification involves the direct differentiation of mesenchymal cells into bone-forming cells within a connective tissue membrane
intramembranous
This type of nonunion bone healing is associated with no circulation and lack of callus formation.
avascular/atrophic
“___ ____” nonunion typically refers to hypertrophic nonunion
Elephant foot
______ nonunion is characterized by excessive callus formation at the fracture site. It often appears bulky and irregular, resembling the foot of an elephant
Hypertrophic
“___ ___” nonunion is a term used to describe atrophic nonunion
Horse’s hoof
____ nonunion is characterized by the absence of callus formation and poor bone healing activity at the fracture site.
Atrophic
