Digital Pathology

Question 1

The dorsal interossei muscles are unipennate or bipennate?

Answer 1

bipennate

Question 2

The plantar interossei muscles are unipennate or bipennate?

Answer 2

unipennate

Question 3

How many dorsal and plantar interossei muscles are there?

Answer 3

3 plantar
4 dorsal

Question 4

The dorsal interossei muscles course (plantar or dorsal) to the deep transverse metatarsal ligament (DTML)?

Answer 4

dorsal

Question 5

The plantar interossei muscles course (plantar or dorsal) to the deep transverse metatarsal ligament (DTML)?

Answer 5

dorsal

Question 6

The lumbrical muscles course (plantar or dorsal) to the deep transverse metatarsal ligament (DTML)?

Answer 6

plantar

Question 7

The lumbricals course plantar to the DTML and insert onto the corresponding what?

Answer 7

extensor wing

Question 8

The flexor digitorum brevis muscle splits at the base of the middle phalanges to allow for which muscle tendon to course through?

Answer 8

FDL

Question 9

This examination determines the degree of flexibility of a hammertoe deformity. It is performed by pushing up on the met head from the plantar side. If toe becomes straight then it is a completely reducible deformity. If the MTP joint and the toe don’t become straight then it is nonreducible.

Answer 9

Kelikian push up test

Question 10

What is the most common causes of hammer toe and claw toe deformities?

Answer 10

flexor stabilization

Question 11

With this type of hammer toe and claw toe deformity you often see adductovarus of 4th and 5th and is most pronounced at midstance.

Answer 11

flexor stabilization

Question 12

What is the sequence of reduction for hammertoe procedure?

Answer 12

“HEECAT” + Kalikian test after EVERY step
H: head of proximal phalanx
E: extensor hood cut
E: EDL tendon lengthen
C: capsule opened
A: arthrodesis –> joint fusion
T: flexor tendon transfer