Plumbing

Question 1

The following _____ systems and their components are _____ scope of a home inspection: clothes washing machines, private water wells, private sewage disposal systems or any other systems located outside the house, and fire sprinkler systems.

Answer 1

plumbing
not in

Question 2

The _____ water distribution system, the _____ drain, waste, and vent system, plumbing fixtures such as faucets, sinks, toilets, water heating equipment and vents, on site fuel storage and distribution, sewage ejectors, sump pumps, and associated pipes are all_____ systems that are _____ scope of a home inspection.

Answer 2

interior
interior
plumbing
in

Question 3

In locations subject to freezing temperatures, water distribution pipes should be _____ when installed in _____, _____ ____, and _____ ____. Water service pipe should be installed at least ___ inches below grade or at least ___ inches below the local frost line, whichever is deeper.

Answer 3

insulated
attics, crawl spaces, and exterior walls
12
6

Question 4

Pipes installed through holes or notches in _____, _____, or _____, should be protected against _____ by nails and screws by installing _____ _____ _____.

Answer 4

studs, joists, rafters
puncture
steel shield plates

Question 5

Where pipe is installed in holes or notches in the bottom or top plate studs, the _____ _____ should extend at least __ inches above the _____ plate or below the _____ plate. Protection requirements do not apply to pipe made from _____, _____, or _____.

Answer 5

shield plate
2
bottom
top
cast iron, black steel, galvanized steel

Question 6

Holes and notches in which pipes are installed should be about __ in. larger than pipe diameter.

Answer 6

1/2

Question 7

Pipes installed in concrete or masonry should be protected against _____ by _____ the pipe in an appropriate _____ or installing the pipe in a _____ _____.

Answer 7

corrosion
wrapping
material
protective sleeve

Question 8

Pipes installed through foundation walls or under footings should be protected from _____ by a _____ _____ or by enclosing the pipe in a _____ that is _____ pipe sizes larger than the pipe installed. The space between the pipe and _____ should be sealed with waterproof material such as _____, _____, or _____.

Answer 8

breaking
relieving arch
sleeve
2
sleeve
caulk, foam, gasket

Question 9

_____ hangers should not support galvanized pipe and _____ straps should not support copper pipe.

Answer 9

copper
steel

Question 10

Copper tubing is divided into type ___ which has the thickest walls and identified by ___ markings, type ___ which has medium thickness walls and ___ markings, and type ___ which has thin walls and is identified by ___ markings.

Answer 10

K, thick, green
L, medium, blue
M, thin, red

Question 11

Copper tubing should be supported horizontally every ___ ft and vertically every ___ ft.

Answer 11

6
10

Question 12

Type ___ and ___ copper tubing may be installed below and above ground and may be embedded in and installed under concrete and masonry. They are also used to convey ___ ___, ___ ___ and ___ ___.

Answer 12

K and L
natural gas
propane gas
Fuel oil

Question 13

Type ___ copper tubing may be installed above and below ground, however it may not be embedded in or installed under concrete and masonry.

Answer 13

M

Question 14

___ ___ ___ may be connected to other water supply pipe materials such as CPVC and PEX using a push-connect fitting.

Answer 14

Drawn copper tubing

Question 15

Copper tubing should not be connected to iron or steel pipe without a ____ ____, which prevents ____ ___, a process in which an electric current is created and flows between dissimilar metals in the presence of an ____, such as water. This phenomenon can weaken pipes and cause ____.

Answer 15

Dielectric fitting
Galvanic corrosion
Electrolyte
Leaks

Question 16

Water with high ____ ____ content can damage copper tubing over time. ___

Answer 16

Hydrogen sulfide

Question 17

___ can shake apart solder joints.

Answer 17

Water hammer

Question 18

Excessive use of ____ ____ during installation can cause damage to copper tubing that usually presents as leaks a few years later.

Answer 18

Solder flux

Question 19

Copper tubing usually presents clues prior to failure such as ____ ____ on and in fixtures such as sinks, bathtubs, and toilets. ____ ____ and ____ ____ on and around fittings are a precursor to failure as well. ____ ____ with a ____ or ____ center could indicate an active leak.

Answer 19

Green stains
Green stains and white crust
Green stains with blue or black center

Question 20

Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride or _____ pipe is a ____ pipe for water distribution service. It is usually a ____ color, sometimes with a ____ stripe. When colored orange it is usually meant for ____ ____ or ____ system piping.

Answer 20

CPVC
Thermoplastic
Cream
Yellow
Fire suppression or sprinkler

Question 21

CPVC may be used for ___ and ___ water. It’s max operating temp under pressure is ____ ° F. It ___ be used for water heater temp/pressure relief valve extension pipe.

Answer 21

Hot and cold
180 ° F
may

Question 22

PVC may not be used for ___ water, since it’s max operating temp is ___° F. PVC is usually ____ in color and used for ___ or water distribution and irrigation.

Answer 22

Hot
100° F
white
DWV

Question 23

CPVC and PVC should be supported every ___ ft horizontally and every ___ ft vertically. A ___ ___ guide should be installed for pipes ___ in and smaller in diameter. It should be protected against ___, ___, and ___.

Answer 23

3
10
Mid-story
2
Punctures, breaking, freezing

Question 24

CPVC may be connected to drawn copper tubing and PEX using ____ ____ fittings and ____ ____. It may be connected to galvanized steel pipe using a ____ ____.

Answer 24

Push-connect
Threaded adapters
Threaded adapter

Question 25

____ ____ was used for water service and distribution until the 1960’s, and is no longer allowed except to replace existing pipe. It is usually a dull ____ color. Existing pipe is at or near the end of ____ ____ and should be ____.

Answer 25

Galvanized steel
Gray
Service life
Reported/replaced

Question 26

____ ____ pipe was used in older homes for water service and distribution but is no longer allowed. It is however still used for ____ ____ pipe. This pipe lacks the rust resistant coating of ____ ____.

Answer 26

Black steel
Gas distribution
Galvanized steel

Question 27

Galvanized steel pipe should be supported every __ ft horizontally and every __ ft vertically. It should be protected against ____ and ____, however protection against ____ is not required.

Answer 27

12
15
Breaking and freezing
Punctures

Question 28

Galvanized steel pipe may be connected to other galvanized steel through ____ ____. It may connect to other water supply pipe by using a ____ ____ fitting. It may not be connected to ____ ____ without a dielectric fitting or ____ ____.

Answer 28

Threaded fittings
Threaded adapter
Copper tubing
Brass fitting

Question 29

Cross-linked polyethylene or ___ tubing is a ____ material. Early versions were ____ ____ color, modern versions are ____ ____, ____, and ____, the latter designating hot or cold for conveniences. Any color, however, may be used for hot or cold.

Answer 29

PEX
Thermoplastic
Milky white
Milky white, red, and blue

Question 30

PEX-___-PEX is PEX tubing with an ____ layer in the tubing to act as an ____ barrier. This is useful for hydronic heating systems as ____ can corrode parts in those systems.

Answer 30

AL
Aluminum
Oxygen
Oxygen

Question 31

PEX tubing should be supported every ___ inches horizontally and every ___ ft vertically. A mid story guide is required for tubing ___ inches in diameter or smaller. It should be protected against ____, ____, and ____.

Answer 31

32”
10’
2”
Punctures, breaking, and freezing

Question 32

Some reported defects in PEX include _____ of yellow brass fittings, _____ when exposed to sunlight, weakening of tubing walls from _____ in water, and being _____ to oxygen and chemicals in the ground.

Answer 32

Dezincification
Degradation
Chlorine
Permeable

Question 33

Polybutylene or ___ tubing was a material used for water service and distribution. It is often blue or bluish gray or black when used as ____ ____. It will be bluish gray or cream when used as ____ ____.

Answer 33

PB
service pipe
distribution pipe

Question 34

PB tubing should be supported every ___ inches horizontally and every ___ ft vertically. It should be protected against ____, ____, and ____.

Answer 34

32
4
Punctures, breaking, freezing

Question 35

PB tubing is known to be _____. The ____ or ____ ____ may leak at fittings. It may _____ when exposed to sunlight, even in attics or crawl spaces. It is known to have weakened walls of the tubing due to ____ in the water. Inspectors should ____ the presence of PB and recommend ____.

Answer 35

defective
Acetal or aluminum ring
Degrade
Chlorine
Report
Evaluation

Question 36

Inspectors should report the presence of ___ pipes, which are medium to dark gray in color, and recommend they be ____.

Answer 36

Lead
Replaced

Question 37

Flexible water connectors should not be ____ such that the internal ____ is reduced, should not be ____ ____ to form a ____ connector, should not be used as a ____ ____ ____, should not be used as temp/pressure relief valve ____ ____, and should not ____ walls, floors, or ____.

Answer 37

Bent
Diameter
Linked together
Longer
Water distribution pipe
Extension pipe
Penetrate
Ceilings

Question 38

Full ____ type main water service valves are required at every ____ unit where the water service ____ ____ ____.

Answer 38

Open
Dwelling
Enters the unit

Question 39

A water heater should have a ____ ____ type valve in the ____ water supply pipe near the ____ ____.

Answer 39

Full open
Cold
Water heater

Question 40

Fixtures and _____, except ____ and ____ should have an accessible fixture shutoff valve in the ____ and ____ ____ supply pipes.

Answer 40

Appliances
Bathtubs and showers
Hot and cold water

Question 41

A ____ valve is a rotating ____ positioned between gaskets on each side of the ____ which has a hole in the center through which water flows. It does not provide flow control but provides a good seal when closed. It is considered a ____ ____ valve.

Answer 41

Ball
Ball
Ball
Full open

Question 42

A _____ valve has a metal plate that is positioned in a gasket. It provides flow control and ____ considered a full open valve.

Answer 42

Butterfly
Isn’t

Question 43

A ____ valve has a piece of metal that is moved up and down by a rotating wheel that turns a screw. It provides some flow control, however it is ____ ____ for that ____. It is considered a ___ ___ valve.

Answer 43

Gate
Not intended for that purpose
Full open

Question 44

A globe valve is moved by a ____ ____ and provides ____ flow control. It ____ a full open valve.

Answer 44

Rotating wheel
Good
Is not

Question 45

____ ____ ____ are used for fixture shutoff valves. The outlet is at a ___° angle to the inlet. These valves can be any other type of valve.

Answer 45

Angle stop valve
90°

Question 46

A stop and waste valve has a ____ that can be removed to ____ water from the ____ portion of piping. They are often used to drain ____ ____ that are not frost proof.

Answer 46

Cap
Drain
Downstream
Hose bibs

Question 47

_____ faucets have two handles and a spout. Turning the handle turns a screw (valve stem) which lifts the seat washer from the valve seat. They are easily repaired by replacing the ____ ____ ____.

Answer 47

Compression
Worn out washers

Question 48

____ faucets have a single handle on a rounded faucet body. They are operated by pushing the handle up for ____ ____ and turning from side to side to control _____.

Answer 48

Ball
Flow control
Temperature

Question 49

_____ faucets have a single handle on a cylindrical body. They are operated by lifting the handle for water flow control and turning the handle a fraction of 90° for temperature. They are repaired by replacing the _____ and o-rings.

Answer 49

Cartridge
Cartridge

Question 50

_____ faucets are single handle faucets that are operated like cartridge faucets. The are repaired by replacing the _____.

Answer 50

Disc
Disc

Question 51

Shower curbs are ____ ____ required and should be no more than ___ inches tall.

Answer 51

no longer
9

Question 52

Shower floors should be a ____ ____ material and should slope between ___ inch per foot and ___ inch per foot towards the ____.

Answer 52

slip-resistant
1/4”
1/2”
drain

Question 53

Leaks are likely to occur where the shower pan connects to the ____ and at the ____. Home inspectors should look for stains, soft wood, water streaks on drainage pipes and other leak evidence in ____ ____ under ____. Inspectors should also look for loose tiles on and near the ____.

Answer 53

drain
curb
areas accessible under showers
curb

Question 54

Shower walls should be covered with a ____ ____ ____ which should extend at least ___ inches above the shower floor. Vertical seams in tile and seams between tile and tub should be ____.

Answer 54

non-absorbent material
72”
caulked

Question 55

Showers should not have windows if the ____ ____ can contact the window. If windows are present they should be safety glazing if the bottom of the glazing is less than ___ inches above the pan. All other glazing in and around showers should be ____ ____.

Answer 55

shower spray
60”
safety glazing

Question 56

Shower walls should be sheathed in ____ or ____ ____ board. ____ ____ ____ is no longer allowed. ____ ____ has never been allowed.

Answer 56

mortar or cement backer board
Water-resistant drywall
standard drywall

Question 57

Shower doors should swing ___ from the shower and may swing ___ also so long as they also swing ___.

Answer 57

out
in
out

Question 58

Minimum clear horizontal distance in front of a shower opening is at least ___ inches. The minimum opening width is ___ inches.

Answer 58

24”
22”

Question 59

At least ___ ___ is required in every kitchen and bathroom.

Answer 59

one sink

Question 60

Bathroom sink drain outlets should be at least ___ inches, have a ___ installed, and the drain length should be no more than ___ feet long.

Answer 60

1 1/4”
p-trap
5

Question 61

Sink drain outlets should not be more than ___ inches horizontally and ___ inches vertically from the trap inlet.

Answer 61

30”
24”

Question 62

Sinks do not require ____ or ____, however a device to prevent objects from falling into the ____ such as a ____ or ____ is required.

Answer 62

overflows or stoppers
drain
strainer or cross-bar

Question 63

The minimum clear horizontal distance in front of a sink is at least ___ inches and the height above the sink should be ____ to ____ use the sink. Minimum bathroom ceiling height is ___ inches.

Answer 63

adequate
safely
84”

Question 64

The sink and countertop should be ____ so that it will fully drain.

Answer 64

level

Question 65

At least one ____ is required in every house. A bidet is not a ____, it is actually a type of ____.

Answer 65

toilet
toilet
sink

Question 66

The toilet bowl sits on and is attached to the ____ ____, which as a plastic ring that attaches the toilet outlet to the plumbing system. It should not move on this joint when ____ is applied. A ____ ____ is installed between the bowl and the flange. Leaks are often caused by this component drying out or becoming damaged.

Answer 66

closet flange
force
wax o-ring

Question 67

Water leaking into the toilet bowl is often caused by a worn, improperly installed, or improper size ____ ____. This can also be caused by a worn ____ ____. The ____ ____ allows excess water to be diverted into the bowl instead of overflowing from the tank.

Answer 67

flush valve
fill valve
overflow tube

Question 68

As of 1994, residential toilets are limited to ___ gallons per flush. Some toilets manufactured between ____ and ____ do not clear the bowl well because of issues adhering to the new restrictions.

Answer 68

1.6
1993 and 1997

Question 69

A toilet drain outlet, or closet flange, should be at least ___ inches in diameter. It should be connected to a fixture drain (soil pipe) that should be no more than ___ feet long. No ___ should be installed.

Answer 69

3”
12
trap

Question 70

Toilets require at least ___ inches of clear space in front and ___ inches on each side, measured from the center of the toilet. Height above should be adequate to ____ use the toilet, and minimum ceiling heights in bathrooms is ___ inches.

Answer 70

21”
15”
safely
84

Question 71

Bidets require a ____ ____ device to protect the water supply as well as a ____ ____ device that limits water temperature to ____° F. Bidets require ___ inches of clearance in front and ___ inches to the sides.

Answer 71

back-flow prevention
temperature limiting
110° F
21”
15”

Question 72

A washing machine should not discharge directly into a ____ ____ or to any pipe that is not connected to the ____ ____ system.

Answer 72

floor drain
waste disposal

Question 73

The washing machine standpipe should be at least ___ inches diameter and extend between ___ inches and ___ inches above the trap weir. The standpipe should have a ____ which should be protected by a ____.

Answer 73

2”
18”
42”
trap
vent

Question 74

Floor drain traps should be at least __ inches in diameter and require a ____ ____or the water seal should be ____ than usual.

Answer 74

2”
trap primer
deeper

Question 75

____ can occur between water supply pipes and a contaminate source when there is cross connection between the two. This can be caused by ____ or ____. Areas where cross connection is likely require ____ ____ or a ____ ____.

Answer 75

Back-flow
back-siphonage or back-pressure
air gaps or a back-flow preventer

Question 76

____ ____ are used to separate water supply fixtures such as faucets and spouts from drainage fixtures such as sinks and tubs. The vertical distance between the flood rim and the water supply opening should be ____ times the size of the water supply opening.

Answer 76

Air gaps
2

Question 77

____ ____ ____ are required where air gaps are not effective or practical. One example is a ____ ____ ____ ____ which screws on the end of a hose bib.

Answer 77

Back-flow preventers
Hose connection vacuum breaker

Question 78

Back flow preventers are required in lawn ____ systems, and should be installed vertically and at least ___ to ___ inches above the highest outlet.

Answer 78

irrigation
6” to 12”

Question 79

Toilet bowl valves should have an ____-____ back-flow preventer installed at least ___ above the overflow pipe. A fill valve below the fill tank____ ____ should be reported.

Answer 79

anti-siphon
1”
water line

Question 80

Water softeners can interrupt the ____ ____ and ____ system by placing non-conductive materials into the water pipes. A ____ ____ or ____ should be installed between the two metal pipes to which the water softener is connected.

Answer 80

electrical grounding and bonding
jumper wire or clamp

Question 81

Private water wells should be located above and away from any ____ ____. The well head should be ___ to ___ inches above grade. The grade should slope away from the well head, which should be ____ and ____. The well head should be at least ___ feet from a septic tank and leach field and ___ feet from petroleum tanks or areas where chemicals are used.

Answer 81

contaminate sources
12” to 18”
capped and sealed
50’
100’

Question 82

The ____ ____ is the buffer in the well system that extends life of the pump. Air pressure in the tank allows water to be used without the pump being turned on. Older ____ tanks may become ____ if the water and air mix together, an indication of which is ____ appearing near the top of the tank.

Answer 82

pressure tank
steel
waterlogged
condensation

Question 83

A _____ is a vessel for storing water. It can be an above ground tank made of masonry or stone and can also be a below ground tank or shallow dug well.

Answer 83

cistern

Question 84

Water dissolves minerals such as ____ and ____ causing hard water. One remedy is a ____ ____, which replaces these minerals with ____.

Answer 84

calcium and magnesium
water softener
sodium

Question 85

The presence of sulfur or ____ ____ in water can cause a rotten egg smell and unpleasant taste. This can be remedied by aeration, filtration, ____, or adding ____ ____.

Answer 85

hydrogen sulfide
chlorination
hydrogen peroxide

Question 86

Bacteria can form a film inside the water well equipment called _____. It may be treated with ____ ____.

Answer 86

biofouling
shock chlorination

Question 87

Naturally occurring contaminants in well water include ____ and ____.

Answer 87

arsenic and radon

Question 88

Fire ____ systems or ____ systems are required by the IRC in all new homes, however local jurisdictions have not yet adopted this requirement. Nevertheless, inspection of these systems is _____ scope of a home inspection.

Answer 88

suppression
sprinkler
out of

Question 89

Point of use (instant) hot water systems _____ considered part of the domestic hot water system (DHW). Inspection of these units is limited to ____ them and checking for ____.

Answer 89

are not
operating
leaks

Question 90

Inspection of ____ water heaters is out of scope of a home inspection.

Answer 90

solar

Question 91

All domestic hot water systems require a ____ ____ valve at the cold water inlet. All systems require a ____ valve and ____ pipe as well.

Answer 91

full open
relief
discharge

Question 92

Storage tank water heaters require a ____ underneath the tank to ____ and ____ ____ if there is the potential for damage. These systems also require a ____ ____ ____ valve and a ____ ____ as well.

Answer 92

pan
catch and drain leaks
temperature/pressure relief
drain valve

Question 93

On-demand (tankless) DHW systems require a ____ ____ valve.

Answer 93

pressure relief

Question 94

Hot water above ____ ° F will cause first degree burns in less than ____ for an adult and even less time for a child. Although there is a risk of bacterial growth in tanks at less than ____ °F, manufacturers recommend setting water temperature to ___°F or less.

Answer 94

125° F
one minute
140° F
120° F

Question 95

____ ____ is the amount of time a storage tank water heater takes to heat water to a set temperature.

Answer 95

recovery rate

Question 96

Cold water enters a storage tank water heater through the ____ ____.

Answer 96

dip tube

Question 97

Energized parts in newer water heaters should be covered by a ____ ____.

Answer 97

plastic guard

Question 98

Most electric water heaters are served by a dedicated ____ volt, ____ amp branch circuit. Wires under the cover should be ____ and the ____ ____ connected to the cabinet. ____ cable should not be used to power a water heater unless enclosed in ____ or specifically allowed by the jurisdiction.

Answer 98

240v
30 amp
intact
grounding conductor
NM (nonmetallic sheathed cable)
conduit

Question 99

Electric water heaters should have a ____ ____ within sight or the circuit breaker should be capable of being ____.

Answer 99

disconnecting device
locked

Question 100

The ____ ____ ____ shuts off the gas valve if the water rises above a set temperature in a gas hot water heater.

Answer 100

high limit sensor

Question 101

The _____ is a sensor which monitors pilot flame, which allows the gas valve to open when the pilot flame heats the sensor to a certain temperature.

Answer 101

thermocouple

Question 102

A ____ ____ ____ and a ____ ____ should be installed in gas supply piping upstream from a water heater and in the same room.

Answer 102

gas shutoff valve
sediment trap

Question 103

In gas water heaters, the presence of numerous ____ in a combustion chamber may indicate problems with the gas valve, thermocouple, or pilot system.

Answer 103

matches

Question 104

Gas water heaters built after July 1, 2003 should be ____ ____ ____ ____.

Answer 104

flammable vapor ignition resistant (FVIR)

Question 105

Most gas water heaters are Category __ appliances and are vented with a Type __ vent, ____ ____ ____, or chimney.

Answer 105

I
B
single wall pipe

Question 106

Category ___ and ___ gas storage tank water heaters may use a concentric vent that terminates through a sidewall, may be directed center, or direct exhausted using a mechanical powered vent.

Answer 106

III and IV

Question 107

Exterior gas fired appliances usually have ____ ____, while interior appliances usually are special vented Category ___ or ___ appliances.

Answer 107

integrated vents
III or IV

Question 108

Most heat pump storage tank water heaters are known as ____ ____ ____, because they also have electric resistance heating elements to assist with heating water during ____ ____.

Answer 108

hybrid water heaters
high demand

Question 109

A ____ ____ valve is required for all swimming pool heaters.

Answer 109

temperature relief

Question 110

A ____ ____ ____ or ____ valve may be used anywhere a pressure relief valve or temperature relief valve is required. These valves are set to release at ___ psi or ___° F. Modern valves are ___ inch diameter.

Answer 110

temperature/pressure relief or TPR
150 psi or 210° F
3/4”

Question 111

Hot water heater discharge pipe should be a type of pipe approved for hot water such as ____, ____, or ____.

Answer 111

copper, CPVC, or PEX

Question 112

Hot water heater discharge pipe should be the same size as the ____ ____. This means ____ ____ ____ may not be used.

Answer 112

relief valve (TPR valve)
flexible water connectors

Question 113

Hot water heater discharge pipe should slope ____ toward the discharge point and terminate by an air gap between ___ inches and ____ inches above the floor or receptor, and may terminate ____ if necessary.

Answer 113

down
1 1/2” and 6”
outdoors

Question 114

Hot water heater discharge pipe should terminate in a ___° elbow if ran horizontally, and should serve only ___ TPR valve(s). The pipe shall not have any ___ fittings or ____ installed.

Answer 114

90°
1
tee
valves

Question 115

A drain pan is not required to be installed when a hot water heater is replaced if a drain pan was ____ ____ when the house was ____.

Answer 115

not required
built

Question 116

Drain pans are not required for water heaters located in an ____ ____, ____ ____, or in an ____ ____ ____ so long as a leak would not cause damage to the home in these areas.

Answer 116

unfinished basement
crawl space
unfinished storage room

Question 117

A drain pan is usually required where a hot water heater is installed in or above any ____ ____.

Answer 117

finished space

Question 118

The ____ ____ of any appliance located in a garage should be at least ___ inches above the garage floor.

Answer 118

ignition source
18”

Question 119

____ listed water heaters are not required to be elevated in garages.

Answer 119

FVIR

Question 120

In seismic risk areas, water heaters should be ____ or ____ to the ____ to resist movement during an earthquake. ____ should be placed in the upper and lower ___ of the appliance and should not interfere with ____ ____ ____. They should also not be located within ___ inches of any ____.

Answer 120

strapped or anchored to the framing
straps/anchors
1/3
service access openings
4”
controls

Question 121

A water supply system that has a check valve or ____ ____ valve to prevent heated water from returning to the cold water supply is referred to as a ____ ____. Expanding hot water in these systems may expand into the ____ ____ ____ of the house and cause ____ and ____ to break or ____ and toilet ____ ____ can leak.

Answer 121

pressure reducing
closed system
water distribution system
hoses and tubes
fixtures and toilet fill valves

Question 122

Hot water heaters served by a closed cold water supply system should have a ____ ____ ____. Three devices are available including ____ ____ ____, ____ ____ valves that are drained to an internal receptor or the same type valve that is integrated into the ____ ____ valve.

Answer 122

thermal expansion device
thermal expansion tanks
thermal expansion valves
toilet fill valve

Question 123

____ ____, also called ____ ____, limit the temperature of water flowing though them to not more than ___° F. They are required at ____ and ____ to prevent ____ ____.

Answer 123

mixing valves
tempering valves
120° F
bathtubs and showers
scalding injuries

Question 124

DWV pipes should not be ____ ____ ____ in the direction of flow, nor should ledges, protrusions, or threads provide a surface on which ____ ____ ____ or in which ____ ____ ____.

Answer 124

reduced in size
solids could collect
water could remain

Question 125

____ ____ ____ may be an exception to the smooth surface rule in some jurisdictions, however they may only be installed ____ not ____.

Answer 125

flexible corrugated tailpieces
vertically not horizontally

Question 126

A ___ inch drainage pipe may accept flow from no more than 3 fixtures other than a toilet.

Answer 126

2”

Question 127

A ___ inch drainage pipe can accept flow from no more than 6 fixtures other than a toilet.

Answer 127

2 1/2”

Question 128

A ___ inch drainage pipe is the smallest size pipe that may accept flow from a toilet or bathroom.

Answer 128

3”

Question 129

____ ____ ____ or ABS pipe is used for building sewer and interior DWV pipe. It may not be used as ____ ____ ____ pipe. It is usually ____ in color.

Answer 129

Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene
interior water distribution
black

Question 130

ABS should be supported horizontally every ___ ft and vertically every ___ ft. A mid-story guide is required for pipes ___ in or smaller in diameter. It should be protected against ____, ____, ____, and ____.

Answer 130

4’
10’
2”
punctures, breaking, corrosion, freezing

Question 131

ABS should be connected to PVC using an ____ ____ made of ____ ____ ____. The ABS half should be ____ ____ in the ABS half and the PVC should be ____ and ____ in the PVC half. ____ ____ is available to directly connect the two types, however it is only allowed to connect to the building drain to the ____ ____ ____.

Answer 131

adapter fitting
both pipe types
solvent cemented
primed and cemented
transition cement
building sewer pipe

Question 132

ABS is usually connected to galvanized pipe using a ____ ____, sometimes called a ____ ____, that uses stainless steel ____ to secure the joint.

Answer 132

banded coupling
elastomeric coupling
bands

Question 133

Cast iron pipe is used for ____ ____ and interior ____ pipe. It is usually ____ in color. Most of this pipe is ____ ____ ____ and inspectors may wish to include an ____ ____ ____ comment in their report. Inspectors should recommend a ____ ____ of all cast iron building sewer pipe.

Answer 133

building sewer
DWV
black
beyond service life
end of life
camera inspection

Question 134

Cast iron pipe should be supported every ___ ft horizontally if standard 10 ft sections are used, or every ___ ft if fittings are installed and every ___ ft vertically. It should be protected against ____ and ____.

Answer 134

10’
5’
15’
breaking and freezing

Question 135

Cast iron pipe is connected to other cast iron by a ____ on one end, consisting of an enlarged termination and a ____, consisting of a normal sized termination. The connection between the two is sealed with an ____ ____ ____, or an older method called a ____ ____.

Answer 135

hub
spigot
elastomeric compression gasket
caulked joint

Question 136

Clay pipe was used for ____ ____, ___ ____, and ____ ____. Inspectors should recommend a ____ ____. Clay pipe connections are similar to cast iron pipe, using the ____ and ____ system.

Answer 136

building sewer, public sewer,
and water mains
camera inspection
hub and spigot

Question 137

____ sewer pipe or Orangeburg sewer pipe, as it is commonly called, is made of ____ ____ and water proof adhesive impregnated with ____ ____. It is ____ ____ ____ ____ and inspectors should include an ____ ____ ____ comment in their report, as well as recommend a ____ ____.

Answer 137

fiber
wood fibers
coal tar
beyond its service life
end of life
camera inspection

Question 138

____ ____ ____ pipe involves repair by lining a pipe with epoxy.

Answer 138

Cure-in-place

Question 139

____ involves repairing pipe by lining the existing pipe with new inner wall materials like PVC.

Answer 139

Sliplining

Question 140

____ involves repairing pipe by breaking existing pipe while a replacement pipe is pulled along.

Answer 140

Bursting

Question 141

Drainage pipe should ____ ____ toward the ____ ____. Pipes usually must ____ ____ to accomplish this.

Answer 141

slope downward
discharge point
change direction

Question 142

Drainage pipes less than 3” diameter should not slope less than ___ “ per foot.

Answer 142

1/4”

Question 143

Drainage pipe 3” diameter or larger should not slope less than ___” per foot.

Answer 143

1/8”

Question 144

Drainage pipes may have fittings that change direction of flow from ____ to ____, from ____ to ____, or change flow in the ____ plane.

Answer 144

horizontal to vertical
vertical to horizontal
horizontal plane

Question 145

A ____ ____ is a drain pipe fitting that is inserted into a vertical pipe to accept flow from a horizontal pipe, usually a fixture drain or branch drain.

Answer 145

sanitary tee

Question 146

A sanitary tee may not be used to change flow direction from ____ to ____ or ____ to ____.

Answer 146

vertical to horizontal
horizontal to horizontal

Question 147

A ____ is a fitting inserted into a horizontal or vertical pipe to change flow direction. The inlets are at a ___° angle to the pipe in which it is inserted. A ____ ____ is similar except the inlets are at a ___° angle. These fittings may change flow in any direction.

Answer 147

wye
45°
wye tee
90°

Question 148

A ____ ____ is a fitting that clamps onto a pipe and either punches a hole into the pipe during installation or a hole is drilled to accommodate the fitting.

Answer 148

saddle fitting

Question 149

Connections to DWV pipe may not be made through ____ ____ into a pipe. For this reason, ____ ____ are no longer allowed to be used with DWV pipe or water distribution pipe, however their use was common in older homes and is not necessarily deficient.

Answer 149

holes drilled
saddle fittings

Question 150

A _____ is usually a fitting with a plug installed that can be removed to insert a drain snake or otherwise clear blockages.

Answer 150

clean-out

Question 151

Substitutes to clean-outs such as ____ ____ ____ ____and toilets have been allowed in the past, but are no longer allowed in new homes. Inspectors should ____ ____ to clean-outs before reporting the absence clean-outs.

Answer 151

traps with slip joints
identify alternatives

Question 152

The building sewer clean-out should be located within ___ feet of the junction of the building ____ and building sewer. The junction should be located within ___ feet of the foundation. Building sewers longer than 100 feet should have a clean-out at least every ___ feet.

Answer 152

10’
drain
3’
100’

Question 153

Horizontal drainage pipes and building drains should have a clean out every ___ feet.

Answer 153

100’

Question 154

Horizontal drainage pipe, building drains and building sewers that change direction more than ___° should have a clean-out located near the direction change. If more than one direction change occurs within ___ feet, only 1 clean-out is required every ___ feet.

Answer 154

45°
40’
40’

Question 155

Clean-outs should be the ____ size or ____ than the pipes served and require a minimum ___ inches clearance perpendicular to the clean-out for service access.

Answer 155

same
larger
18”

Question 156

The function of a ____ is to maintain a liquid seal between drainage pipes and house in order to keep out sewer gases. Every drain fixture should have a ____ and should have no more than ___. Most are ____, however some are ____ such as in toilets.

Answer 156

trap
trap
1
external
integrated

Question 157

The ____ ____ begins at the trap outlet and ends at the connection to the vent. This is also called the ____ ____.

Answer 157

fixture drain
trap arm

Question 158

A trap should be located not more than ___ inches horizontally or ___ inches vertically from the fixture outlet.

Answer 158

30”
24”

Question 159

Traps should be set ____ so that the water seal will not ____ and water will flow normally. They should be located in ____ ____ or protected from ____. If slip joints are used they must be ____.

Answer 159

level
drain
conditioned space
freezing
accessible

Question 160

The current accepted trap configuration is the ____. It’s water seal should be at least ___ inches deep and not more than ___ inches deep.

Answer 160

p-trap
2”
4”

Question 161

Prohibited traps include the ____, ____, and the ____. These traps are not allowed in ____ ____, however are not necessarily deficient in older homes so long as they are ____ ____.

Answer 161

S-trap, drum trap, bell trap
new homes
functioning properly

Question 162

A ____ ____ is a trap installed in the building drain near the connection to the building sewer. They have been ____ for many years unless required by a building official. If installed, it should be ____ and have an accessible ____.

Answer 162

building trap
prohibited
vented
clean-out

Question 163

Fixture drains should slope toward the ____ or ____ fitting at ___ inch per foot, and should not fall more than the ____ ____.

Answer 163

drainage or vent
1/4”
pipe diameter

Question 164

The trap serving a shower should be at least ___ inches in diameter.

Answer 164

1 1/2”

Question 165

Fixture drain length is limited to ___ feet for 1 1/4” pipe, ___ feet for 1 1/2”, and ___ feet for 2” pipe. Figures may differ in jurisdictions abiding by ____.

Answer 165

5’
6’
8’
Uniform Plumbing Code

Question 166

The fixture drain length between trap weir and vent connection should be at least ___ times the pipe diameter to prevent ____ ____, in which water is more easily siphoned or ____ ____.

Answer 166

2
crown venting
blown-out

Question 167

The primary purpose of ____ is to protect the water seal in traps from being drained. Every trap and trapped fixture should have a ____.

Answer 167

vents
vent

Question 168

Vents can be terminated on the ____ and be open to the atmosphere or they can consist of a mechanical device known as an ____ ____ ____ or ____. However, every house should have at least one ____ ____.

Answer 168

roof
air admittance valve or AAV
atmospheric vent

Question 169

Vent systems should not serve any purpose other than providing air to ____ ____. ____ from sources such as ____ ____ should not drain into vent pipes. Vent pipes should not be used to ____ objects such as antennas or flags.

Answer 169

drainage pipes
water
air conditioners
support

Question 170

Vent pipe terminations should extend at least ___ inches above the roof or above local snow accumulation, whichever is higher and at least ___ feet above any accessible walking surface.

Answer 170

6”
7’

Question 171

Vent pipe terminations should be at least ___ feet horizontally, ___ feet below, or ___ feet above, a door or operable window.

Answer 171

10’
4’
3’

Question 172

Vent pipe terminations should not be located directly below ____ ____ openings.

Answer 172

soffit ventilation

Question 173

Vents may terminate though a ____, however the termination should be at least ___ feet above grade and ___ feet from the lot line.

Answer 173

wall
10’
10’

Question 174

Plumbing vents should be at least ___ feet horizontally or ___ feet above any air intake openings.

Answer 174

10’
3’

Question 175

Minimum vent pipe size is ___ inches or ____ the diameter of pipe being served, whichever is ____.

Answer 175

1 1/4”
half
larger

Question 176

A vent pipe longer than ___ feet developed length should be increased by ____ ____ pipe size.

Answer 176

40’
one nominal

Question 177

An ____ ____ system serves as the vent for one fixture of any type.

Answer 177

individual vent

Question 178

A ____ ____ system is a vent that protects two fixtures of any type that are located on the ____ ____.

Answer 178

common vent
same floor

Question 179

A ____ ____ system may protect fixtures from as many as ___ bathroom groups on the same floor level. A bathroom group consists of one ____, one ____, one ____ or one ____, and one ____.

Answer 179

wet vent
2
sink, toilet, bathtub or shower, bidet

Question 180

In a wet vent system, each fixture should connect ____ and ____ to the wet vented pipe. ____ ____ may not connect to wet vents and fixtures may not connect ____.

Answer 180

individually and horizontally
branch drains
vertically

Question 181

An AAV should not be used to vent ___ or ____ ____.

Answer 181

sumps or sewage ejectors

Question 182

Vent connections should occur at least ___ inches above highest fixture flood rim.

Answer 182

6”

Question 183

An AAV should be installed at least ___ inches above the drain being vented. If installed in an attic it should be at least ___ inches above insulation. They should be installed vertically or within ___° of vertical.

Answer 183

4”
6”
15°

Question 184

____ ____ or cheater vents, should not be used except in ____ ____.

Answer 184

check vents
manufactured homes

Question 185

Identification of whether a sewage system is ____ or ____ is out of scope of a home inspection. ____ of these components is out of scope as well since a plumbing license may be required.

Answer 185

public or private
inspection

Question 186

Drain fields consists of several trenches that are about ___ feet wide, ___ feet deep, and ___ feet apart. They are filled with about ___ feet of gravel and a ___ inch diameter slotted pipe is placed in the trench and covered with soil.

Answer 186

3’
3’
9’
1’
4”

Question 187

Inspectors should alert clients to the presence of ____ ____ sewer systems due to their need for regular ____.

Answer 187

less common
maintenance

Question 188

The rate at which water flows through soil is called the ____ ____. To determine this a ____ ____ is performed, which will determine the type of ____ ____ is appropriate for the soil type.

Answer 188

percolation rate
perc test
septic system

Question 189

Drain fields should be protected against ____ and ____ by ____. Only ____ or ____ should be planted above or near the drain field. It should be ____ so that storm water flows away. ____ and other concentrated ____ ____ should be directed away.

Answer 189

damage and saturation by water
grass or ground cover
graded
downspouts
water sources

Question 190

A ____ ____ is usually found in basements where it is lower than the sewer or septic tank. A ____ ____ is another option for basements.

Answer 190

Sewage ejector
macerating toilet

Question 191

A ____ ____ is a type of check valve that is recommended when a plumbing fixture’s flood rim is lower than the closest upstream public sewer manhole cover. This is usually in basements.

Answer 191

Backwater valve

Question 192

A sump pump should be in a ____ at the ____ point of a basement or crawl space. The ____ ____ should be approved for DWV and should have an accessible ____ ____. The sump pump should ____ to an appropriate location such as the ____ ____ ____ ____. It should not be directed towards a ____ or ____ ____ or onto adjacent ____.

Answer 192

pit
lowest
discharge pipe
check valve
discharge
public storm water sewer
public or private sewer
lots

Question 193

Gas pipes ____ the point of delivery are not within scope of a home inspection.

Answer 193

before

Question 194

Black steel gas pipe should be at least schedule ___ and between ___” and ___” of the pipe end should be threaded. The threads should be covered in ____ ____ or ____ ____ ____. ____ ____ ____ is not acceptable for use in gas pipes.

Answer 194

40
3/4” and 1”
joint compound (pipe dope)
yellow teflon tape
white teflon tape

Question 195

Black steel gas pipe should be supported by ____ ____ ____, ____, or clamps. ____ hangers should not be used. 1/2” pipe should be supported every ___ feet, 3/4”-1” every ___ feet, and 1 1/4” or larger every ___ feet.

Answer 195

compatible metal hangers
straps
copper
6’
8’
10’

Question 196

When used for gas, copper tubing should be Type ___ identified by a ____ label or Type ___ identified by a ____ label.

Answer 196

Type K (green label)
Type L (blue label)

Question 197

Copper tubing should not be used in areas where gas supply contains excessive ____ ____ which can ____ copper tubing.

Answer 197

hydrogen sulfide
corrode

Question 198

Threaded fittings in gas copper tubing should be covered in ____ ____ or ____ ____ ____. Copper tubing may also use ____ or ____ fittings.

Answer 198

joint compound (pipe dope)
yellow Teflon tape
Braised (not soldered) fittings
flared fittings

Question 199

Copper tubing should be supported by compatible ____ ____, straps, or ____. ____ hangers should not be used. Horizontal support intervals are ___ feet for 1/2” pipe, ___ feet for 3/4”-1” pipe, and ___ feet for 1 1/4” and larger pipe.

Answer 199

metal hangers
clamps
steel
4’
6’
8’

Question 200

To avoid confusion with water supply tubing, copper gas tubing should be identified with a ____ ____ with the word ____ printed on it which should be applied to the tubing every ___ feet.

Answer 200

yellow label
GAS
5’

Question 201

____ ____ ____ ____ or CSST is a flexible corrugated steel tubing that is covered by polyethylene sheathing. It should not be confused with ____ ____ ____ or FAC, which has factory installed fittings and tubing that is visible, whereas the tubing is concealed by sheathing in CSST.

Answer 201

Corrugated Stainless Steel Tubing
flexible appliance connectors

Question 202

Horizontal support intervals for CSST are ___ feet for 1/2” tubing and ___ feet for 3/4” or larger tubing.

Answer 202

6’
8’

Question 203

Bending radius for CSST is at least ___” for 3/4” tubing and ___” for 1” and larger.

Answer 203

3”
5”

Question 204

CSST may be installed into ____ ____ and ____ ____ but not into ____ ____ ____ or ____ ____.

Answer 204

appliance cabinets
masonry fireplaces
factory built fireplaces
moveable appliances

Question 205

Most CSST should be bonded to the ____ ____ with a ____ AWG copper conductor. If required to be bonded it should usually have ____ or ____ colored sheathing.

Answer 205

grounding electrode
#6
yellow or orange

Question 206

PVC and CPVC may not be used to distribute ____.

Answer 206

gas

Question 207

Flexible appliance connectors (FAC) should not enter an appliance ____, pass through ____, ____, or ____, should not be stretched ____, be bent with a radius smaller than ____ inches, be ____, or be connected ____.

Answer 207

cabinet
walls, floors, ceilings
tight
1 1/2”
buried
together

Question 208

____ colored FAC manufactured in the 1970’s may still be in service and are a known ____ hazard. They should be recommended for immediate ____.

Answer 208

Brass
leak
replacement

Question 209

A ____ ____ is a configuration of solid gas pipe fittings intended to keep debris from entering appliances and restricting gas flow through the orifice or burners. If installed, they should be ____ the appliance and ____ from the shutoff valve.

Answer 209

sediment trap
near
downstream

Question 210

A ____ ____ keeps moisture from entering a gas appliance and fouling or rusting the appliance. They are recommended if ____ gas is present, which is uncommon in present day.

Answer 210

drip leg/drip tee
wet

Question 211

An accessible ____ ____ should be installed outdoors so gas can be ____ ____ to each building. It should be located on the ____ ____ of the gas meter for utility supplied gas or at the ____ for propane.

Answer 211

shutoff valve
shut off
supply side
tank

Question 212

An accessible shutoff valve should be installed for most gas ____ and should be located in the same room and within ___ feet of the ____.

Answer 212

appliances
6’
appliance

Question 213

Gas fireplaces and room heaters may have a shutoff valve installed in a ____ ____ so long as the valve is ____ ____ and ____ ____.

Answer 213

remote location
readily accessible
clearly labeled

Question 214

Appliance shutoff valves may also be located at a gas distribution ____ provided that the valve is ____ ____, ____ ____, and within ___ feet of the appliance.

Answer 214

manifold
readily accessible
clearly labeled
50’

Question 215

Gas pipe and tubing other than ____ ____ should be protected against physical damage when installed through ____ or ____ in ____. Shield plates should be installed if the hole in which pipe passes is closer than ____inches to the edge of a stud. They should also be installed if pipe passes through ____ or ____ plates and shield plate should extend ___ inches above bottom plate and ___ inches below top plate.

Answer 215

black steel
Notches or holes in framing
1 1/2”
top or bottom
4”
4”

Question 216

____ ____ pipe should be protected against corrosion when installed outdoors and when installed through ____ ____.

Answer 216

black steel
concrete slabs

Question 217

All gas pipe and tubing should be at least ___ inches above ground or above roof when run horizontally above ground or roof.

Answer 217

3 1/2”

Question 218

Gas pipe and tubing should not be installed through underground ____ ____. If installed through above ground ____ it should be protected against ____. ____ installed through walls should do so through a sleeve such as ____.

Answer 218

foundation walls
walls
corrosion
CSST
PVC

Question 219

Gas pipe terminating though a wall, floor, or ceiling should extend far enough to be ____ to install ____ and the unthreaded part of the pipe should extend at least ___ inches beyond a wall and ___ inches beyond a floor. If not connected to an appliance the pipe should be ____.

Answer 219

grasped
fittings
1”
2”
capped

Question 220

If gas pipe and tubing is installed within concrete slab floors it should be installed in a ____ such as ____, which should be ____ outdoors, should extend at least ___ inches past the foundation outdoors, and both ends of which should be ____.

Answer 220

sleeve
PVC
ventilated
4”
sealed

Question 221

Gas pipe and tubing may be buried if ____ ____ ____. Minimum burial depth is ___ inches for most pipe and tubing or ___ inches for gas lights and outdoor grills.

Answer 221

listed for burial
12”
8”

Question 222

Gas pipe and tubing should not be installed in or through HVAC ____ or ____ ____, ____ ducts, laundry ____, ____, and appliance ____.

Answer 222

supply or return ducts
exhaust
chutes
chimneys
vents

Question 223

Most gas systems use ____ pressure, about ___ psi. Some however, use ____ pressure, about ___ psi.

Answer 223

Low pressure, 1/4 psi
Medium pressure, 2 psi

Question 224

Typical minimum distances between the gas regulator and components include: 3 ft to operable ____ and ____, to ____ sources, to ____ terminations, to gas appliance ____, and ___ ft to mechanical ____ ____ ____.

Answer 224

doors and windows
ignition
exhaust
vents
10’
air intake openings

Question 225

If a gas meter is installed indoors, such as in a basement, there should be a pipe that ____ any gas released by the ____ to the outdoors, or it should be the ____ type.

Answer 225

vents
regulator
non-venting

Question 226

Gas ____ ____ is out of scope of home inspection, however standard of care in some areas require ____ ____ equipment be used at accessible ____ to check for ____.

Answer 226

leak detection
leak detection
fittings
leaks

Question 227

Above ground propane tanks should be ___ to ___ feet from the house and property line and at least ___ feet from an ignition source or mechanical air intake.

Answer 227

10’ to 15’
10’

Question 228

Buried propane tanks should be at least ___ feet from houses, ignitions sources, and mechanical air intakes.

Answer 228

10’

Question 229

Propane cylinders should be at least ___ feet from an ignition source or mechanical air intake.

Answer 229

10’

Question 230

Above ground propane tanks and cylinders should be installed on a ____ ____ or ____ ____ and should be free of significant ____, ____, or ____ ____.

Answer 230

stable concrete or masonry pad
dents, rust, physical damage

Question 231

Permanent propane tanks have components under the lid, including the ____ valve, ____, fuel ____, and ____ valve.

Answer 231

shutoff valve, regulator, fuel gauge, and relief valve.

Question 232

Propane tanks or cylinders should not be located under an over head ____ ____.

Answer 232

service drop

Question 233

Maximum oil tank capacity is ____ gallons. Above ground tanks should be on ____ legs and bear on a ____ ____ ____. The tank should be at least ___ feet from property lines and be equipped with an ____ ____ ____. Tanks should be protected from ____ ____.

Answer 233

660
noncombustible
stable concrete pad
5’
oil level gauge
physical damage

Question 234

Indoor oil tanks should be at least ____ feet from the oil burner or other flame source. The tank should be equipped with an ____ ____ ____.

Answer 234

5’
oil level gauge

Question 235

Underground oil tanks should be at least ____ ft from foundation and covered with ___ ft of soil.

Answer 235

1’
1’

Question 236

Oil fill and vent pipes should be ____ ____, ____, or ____ ____ brass pipe. ____ fill and vent pipe may be allowed if part of a listed oil tank.

Answer 236

wrought iron, steel, schedule 40
plastic

Question 237

Oil fill pipe should terminate outdoor at least ___ ft from any building opening at the same level and should be equipped with a ____ ____ cover. Minimum size is ___ inches but ___ inches is recommended.

Answer 237

2’
tight metal
1 1/2”
2”

Question 238

Oil vent pipe should terminate outdoors at least ___ feet from any building opening at the same or lower level. The vent pipe should terminate in a ____ ____ or ____ as large as the ____ ____, usually done with a ____ fitting. Minimum oil vent pipe size is ___ inches.

Answer 238

2’
weatherproof cap or fitting
vent pipe
gooseneck
1 1/4”

Question 239

____ and ____ components installed underground is out of scope of a home inspection, however inspectors practicing in areas where oil is used for heating may be expected to ____ and ____ visible ____ that could indicate the presence of underground oil storage tanks. Inspectors should consider ____ inspection of these components and recommending ____ by a ____.

Answer 239

locating and inspecting
identify and report visible clues
disclaiming
evaluation by a contractor