Pleural Disease 2 - Pathology of Pulmonary Vasculature and Pleural Disease Flashcards
Is the pulmonary circulation a low or high pressure system?
Low pressure system (therefore thin walled vessels and a low incidence of atherosclerosis at normal pressures)
What is pulmonary oedema?what type of pattern of lung disease does this cause?
Accumulation of fluid in the lung interstitium and alveolar spacesRestrictive pattern
Causes of pulmonary oedema?
Haemodynamic (increased hydrostatic pressure)Cellular injury (alveolar lining cells, alveolar endothelium) e.g. pneumonia, Adult respiratory distress syndrome
What are 2 other names for adult respiratory distress syndrome?
Diffuse alveolar damage syndromeShock lung
What are causes of ARDS?
SepsisDiffuse infection (virus, mycoplasma)Severe traumaOxygen
Pathogenesis of ARDS?
Injury e.g. bacterial endotoxin causing:Infiltration of inflammatory cellsCytokinesOxygen free radicalsInjury to cell membranes
Pathology of ARDS?
Fibrinous exudate lining alveolar wallsCellular regenerationInflammation
Outcome of ARDS?
DeathResolutionFibrosis (chronic restrictive lung disease)
What type of babies get neonatal RDS?Why?What causes the physical damage to cells?
Premature infantsDeficient in surfactantIncreased effort in expanding the lungs = physical damage to cells
What type of emboli are 95%?
Thromboemoli - can however be gas, fat, foreign bodies and tumour clumps
What can recurrent small pulmonary emboli lead to?
Pulmonary hypertension