Pleural Disease 2 - Pathology of Pulmonary Vasculature and Pleural Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Is the pulmonary circulation a low or high pressure system?

A

Low pressure system (therefore thin walled vessels and a low incidence of atherosclerosis at normal pressures)

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2
Q

What is pulmonary oedema?what type of pattern of lung disease does this cause?

A

Accumulation of fluid in the lung interstitium and alveolar spacesRestrictive pattern

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3
Q

Causes of pulmonary oedema?

A

Haemodynamic (increased hydrostatic pressure)Cellular injury (alveolar lining cells, alveolar endothelium) e.g. pneumonia, Adult respiratory distress syndrome

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4
Q

What are 2 other names for adult respiratory distress syndrome?

A

Diffuse alveolar damage syndromeShock lung

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5
Q

What are causes of ARDS?

A

SepsisDiffuse infection (virus, mycoplasma)Severe traumaOxygen

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6
Q

Pathogenesis of ARDS?

A

Injury e.g. bacterial endotoxin causing:Infiltration of inflammatory cellsCytokinesOxygen free radicalsInjury to cell membranes

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7
Q

Pathology of ARDS?

A

Fibrinous exudate lining alveolar wallsCellular regenerationInflammation

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8
Q

Outcome of ARDS?

A

DeathResolutionFibrosis (chronic restrictive lung disease)

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9
Q

What type of babies get neonatal RDS?Why?What causes the physical damage to cells?

A

Premature infantsDeficient in surfactantIncreased effort in expanding the lungs = physical damage to cells

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10
Q

What type of emboli are 95%?

A

Thromboemoli - can however be gas, fat, foreign bodies and tumour clumps

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11
Q

What can recurrent small pulmonary emboli lead to?

A

Pulmonary hypertension

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