Lung Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

How can tissue biopsies be taken to diagnose lung cancer? (4)

A

BronchoscopyCT guided biopsyLymph node biopsyAspiration of pleural fluid

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2
Q

What is used to assess a patients fitness for chemotherapy?

A

ECOG score

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3
Q

How can a tissue sample be taken during bronchoscopy?

A

BiopsyBrush cytology

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4
Q

What is endobronchial ultrasound used to visualise?

A

Hilar and mediastinal structures

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5
Q

What are the 5 main types of lung cancer?

A

Small cellNon–small cell:Squamous cellAdenocarcinomaLarge cellBronchoalveolar cell

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6
Q

What ectopic hormone can small cell lung cancer secrete?

A

ACTH

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7
Q

What is the most common type of lung cancer?

A

Adenocarcinoma (followed by scam cell, then small cell, then large cell, then bronchoalveolar cell)

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8
Q

What is the most common type of lung cancer in non-smokers?

A

Adenocarcinoma

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9
Q

What type of cancer hardly ever occurs in non-smokers?

A

Small cell

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10
Q

Treatment of small cell lung cancer?

A

Chemosensitive (usually becomes rapidly resistant) backed up with radiationUsually disseminated on diagnosis therefore no surgery

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11
Q

What lung cancer has the worst survival stats?

A

Small cell lung cancer

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12
Q

Is small cell normally central or peripheral?

A

Central

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13
Q

How are non-small cell lung cancers normally treated?

A

Surgery (can be backed up with radiotherapy) is normally the curative treatment of choiceIf it is more than stage T1 however surgery is not usually performed - there are chemo/radiotherapy regimens been developed but not very sucessful

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14
Q

What type of lung cancer can histologically look like lymphocytes and therefore mimic lymphoma?

A

Small cell

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15
Q

Is squamous cell normally central or peripheral?

A

Central

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16
Q

What type of ectopic hormone does squamous cell carcinoma secrete?

A

PTH (if high levels, can cause Ca to leave bone for blood)

17
Q

What can express p63 and high molecular weight cytokeratins?

A

Squamous cell

18
Q

What type of lung cancer has the highest survival rates?

A

Adenocarcinoma

19
Q

Are adenocarcinoma tumours normally central or peripheral?

A

Periperhal

20
Q

What type of cancer normally has mutations in EFGR?

A

Adenocarcinoma (respond to tyrosine kinase inhibitors e.g. erlotinib)

21
Q

What type of tumour can express TTF1?

A

Adenocarcinoma

22
Q

What is mucin producing tumour?

A

Adenocarcinoma

23
Q

What are the types endobronchial therapy?

A

Stent for stridorPhoto-dynamic therapyOther laser therapyRadio-active pellets