Anatomy 2 - Anatomy of a Cough Flashcards
Where are the sensory receptors that are stimulated in order to cause a cough? (4)
Oropharyngeal mucosa (CN IX)Laryngopharyngeal mucosa (CN X)Laryngeal mucosa (CN X)Lower respiratory tract’s respiratory mucosa (Visceral afferents)
What nerves supply sensory receptors in the nasal cavity?
CN V1 and CN V2
What nerve supplies sensory receptors in the nasal/ oropharynx?
CN IX
What nerve supplies sensory nerve receptors in the laryngopharynx and larynx?
CN X
What is the carotid sheath?
A protective “tube” of cervical deep fascia which attaches superiorly to the bones of the base of the skull and blends inferiorly with the fascia of the mediastinum
What does the carotid sheath contain? (4)
The vagus nerveThe internal carotid arteryThe common carotid arteryThe internal jugular vein
How does the vagus nerve descend to the mediastinum?
Within the carotid sheath
Stimulation of what 2 sensory nerves causes sneezing? (don’t both need to be stimulated)
CN V or CN IX
Stimulation of what 2 sensory nerves in the URT causes coughing?
CN IX or CN X
What part of the respiratory tract does the term “respiratory/ bronchial tree” describe?
LRTTrachea to alveoli
What type of nerves does the pulmonary plexus contain?
Sympathetic axonsParasympathetic axonsVisceral afferents
Where do the motor axons from the tracheal bifurcation travel and what do they supply (2)?
Branches of the respiratory treeAll mucous glands and all bronchiolar smooth muscles
Where do pulmonary visceral afferents innervate?
Visceral pleura and respiratory tree
Where does the pulmonary visceral afferents from the visceral pleura and respiratory tree travel?
To the plexus and then they follow the vagus nerve to the medulla of the brainstem
What nerve supplies the parasympathetic supply to the visceral pleura and respiratory tree?
The vagus nerve (CN X)
The CNS response to cough sensory receptors being stimulated by causing?
A deep (forced) inspiration using the diaphragm (phrenic nerve), intercostal muscle (intercostal nerves) and accessory muscles pf inspiration
What structures does the phrenic nerve supply somatic sensory and sympathetic axons to? (4)
The fibrous pericardiumMediastinal parietal pleuraDiaphragmatic parietal pleuraDiaphragmatic parietal peritoneum
Where does the phrenic nerve supply somatic motor axons to?
Diaphragm
What are the intercostal nerves?
The anterior rami of spinal nerves T1 - T11
What are the 4 accessor muscles of deep (forced) inspiration?
Pectorals majorPectoralis minorSternocleidomastoidScalenus anterior, medius and posterior
Where does the pectoralis major attach between?
Sternum/ ribs and humerus