Pleura Flashcards
What is the pleura?
A double layer of serous membranes that surrounds each lung.
What are the 2 layers of the pleura?
Parietal layer
Visceral layer
What is the parietal pleura?
Outer layer of the pleura lining the inner wall of the chest cavity.
What is the visceral pleura?
Inner layer of the pleura adhering to the lung tissue.
What are the two layers of the pleura separated by?
Separated by a thin layer of fluid- the space between the two membranes is known as the pleural space or cavity.
What is the pleural space/cavity?
The space between the two pleural membranes.
What is the serous membrane surrounding the heart?
Pericardium.
What is the serious membrane surrounding the abdominal viscera?
Peritoneum.
What gives the visceral pleura a shiny appearance?
Adherence to the lung surface.
What is the parietal pleura adherent to?
Inner surface of the ribs
Sternum
Mediastinum
Are the two pleural layers continuous with each other?
Yes.
How are the pleural layers similar?
Continuous with each other
Histologically identical
What pleural layer enters and lines the fissures of the lungs?
Visceral.
What pleural layer is sensitive to pain?
Parietal.
What nerve supplies pain sensation to the parietal pleura?
Phrenic nerve.
What are the parts of the parietal pleura?
Cervical
Costal
Mediastinal
Diaphragmatic
What are the following parts of:
Cervical
Costal
Mediastinal
Diaphragmatic
Parietal pleura.
Where is the mediastinal pleura located?
Lines the structures situated between the two pleural cavities in the mediastinum.
Where is the diaphragmatic pleura located?
Lies on the superior surface of the pleura.
Where is the costal pleura located?
Lines the inner surfaces of the ribs and the sternum.
Where is the cervical/apical pleura located?
Covers the apex of the lungs in the root of the neck, immediately above this is a fascial membrane called the suprapleural membrane.
What fascial membrane exists immediately above the apex of the lungs in the root of the neck?
Suprapleural membrane.
Where does the suprapleural membrane exist?
Immediately above the apex of the lungs in the root of the neck.
What happens when pleural fluid increases due to inflammation and infection?
Lung collapse.
What is the presence of air within the pleural called?
Pneumothorax.
What is the presence fo blood within the pleural space called?
Haemothorax.
What is a pneumothorax?
The presence of air within the pleural space.
What is a haemothorax?
The presence of blood within the pleural space.
What is a pleural reflection?
Occurs when the parietal pleura lining one surface of the chest wall changes its direction to line another surface.
What occurs when the parietal pleura lining one surface of the chest wall changes its direction to line another surface?
Pleural reflection.
Where does the costodiaphragmatic reflection exist?
From the inner surface of the ribs onto the superior surface of the diaphragm.
What pleural reflection exists from the inner surface of the ribs onto the superior surface of the diaphragm?
Costodiaphragmatic reflection.
Where does the costomediastinal reflection exist?
From the inner surface of the ribs anteroposteriorly to lie on either side of the pericardium of the heart.
What pleural reflection exists from the inner surface of the ribs anteroposteriorly to lie on either side of the pericardium of the heart?
Costomediastinal reflection.
What is a pleural recess?
At the location of reflections, the parietal pleura is more widely separated from the visceral pleura during expiration, forming these.
What is formed when the parietal pleura is more separated from the visceral pleura during expiration at reflections?
Pleural recesses.
How are pleural recesses named?
Share the name of their corresponding reflection.
What are pleural recesses clinically useful for?
Needle aspiration of excessive accumulation of fluid in the pleural space, known as pleural effusion.
What is an excessive accumulation of fluid in the pleural space called?
Pleural effusion.
Where do the extent of pleural recesses and reflections extend too?
All the way from anterior to posterior but can only be drawn on an anterior basis in 2D diagrams.
What is the parietal pleura sensitive to?
Pain
Pressure
Temperature
Touch
What nerve supplies the mediastinal and diaphragmatic pleura over the domes?
Phrenic nerve.
What nerves serve the remainder of the parietal pleura?
Lower 6 intercostal nerves.
What is the visceral pleura sensitive to?
Autonomic innervation for stretch.
Is the visceral pleura sensitive to pain?
No.
What is the visceral pleura supplied by?
Supplied autonomically by the pulmonary plexus.
What pleura does the pulmonary plexus supply?
Supplies autonomic innervation of the visceral pleura.
