Bones and Joints of the Thoracic Wall Flashcards
What does the thoracic wall enclose?
Left and right pleural cavities containing the lungs
Mediastinum
What is the mediastinum?
Middle structure containing the heart within the pericardial cavity.
What is the name given to the middle structure containing the heart within the pericardial cavity?
Mediastinum.
How are the thoracic wall cavities described?
Closed sacs.
What is the function of the thoracic wall?
To protect the contents of the sac, yet permit the movements associated with respiration.
What is the thoracic wall comprised of anteriorly?
Sternum.
What is the thoracic wall comprised of posteriorly?
Vertebrae T1-T12.
What is the thoracic wall comprised of laterally?
Ribs 1-12.
What are noticeable points of the sternum?
Manubrium
Sternal body
Xiphoid process
Jugular notch
What bones articulate at the superolateral angle of the manubrium?
Clavicle bones.
What is the joint between the sternum and clavicle called?
Sternoclavicular joint.
What does the sternoclavicular joint do?
Articulates the manubrium of the sternum with the clavicles.
What type of joint is the sternoclavicularl joint?
Synovial.
What is the name given to the median notch formed by the superior border of the manubrium?
Jugular notch.
What is the jugular notch?
Median notch formed by the superior border of the manubrium.
Where is the Xiphoid process located?
Tip of the sternum in the inferior T9-T10 region.
What is the sternomanubrial joint?
The articulation between the sternal body and the manubrium.
What is the articulation between the sternal body and the manubrium called?
Sternomanubrial joint.
What facets articulationse the sternal body and manubrium?
Facets for the 2nd costal cartilage.
What type of joint is sternomanubrial joint?
Symphysis.
What is the sternal angle often used for?
Location of cardiopulmonary positions in auscultation.
What can be identified on a normal rib?
Head Neck Tubercle Rounded superior border Sharp inferior borders Costal sulcus/groove
What ribs are true ribs?
Ribs 1-7.
What are true ribs described as?
Vertebrosternal.
What ribs are false ribs?
Ribs 8-12.
What are false ribs described as?
Vertebrochondral.
What are the floating ribs?
Ribs 11-12.
What are the floating ribs described as?
Vertebral ribs.
What are the vertebral ribs?
Floating ribs.
What are the vertebrochondral ribs?
False ribs.
What are the vertebrosternal ribs?
True ribs.
What rib is atypical?
First rib.
How is the first rib described?
Short, wide and flat articulating with only a single vertebra.
Why is the first rib atypical?
Only articulates with a single vertebra.
What vertebra does the first rib articulate with?
T1.
What can be additionally seen in the first rib?
Scalene tubercle
Subclavian artery groove
Subclavian vein groove
What is the scalene tubercle?
Tubercle for attachment of the anterior scalene muscle of the neck, an accessory respiratory muscle.
What tubercle is for the attachment of the anterior scalene muscle of the neck?
Scalene tubercle.
What is the anterior scalene muscle of the neck used for?
Accessory respiratory muscle.
What grooves are present in the first rib?
Grooves for the subclavian artery and subclavian vein.
What groove on the first rib is posterior to scalene tubercle?
Groove for the subclavian vein.
What vessels act as the chief blood supply to and from the upper limb and pass from the neck to the axilla between the clavicle and first rib?
Subclavian artery and vein.
What develops in approximately 0.5% of the population?
Additional cervical rib from the transverse process of the C7 vertebrae.
What can the development of an additional cervical rib result in?
Compression of the lower trunk of the brachial plexus
Paraesthesia of the medial side of the upper limb
Wasting of the small muscles in the hand
What can be seen in a typical thoracic vertebra?
Body Demi-facets on body Vertebral foramen Intervertebtal foramen Pedicle Lamina Transverse process Articular facet Spinous process
How are thoracic vertebrae distinguished?
Long, broad spinous process
Spinous process is sloped downwards and is non-bifid
How is the spinous process of thoracic vertebrae different from others?
Long
Broad
Sloped downwards
Non-bifid (doesn’t fork)
What do the pedicles and laminae form in thoracic vertebrae?
Neural (vertebral) arch enclosing the spinal cord.
What structure in thoracic vertebrae encloses the spinal cord?
Neural (vertebral) arch.
What structures of the thoracic vertebrae form the neural/vertebral arch?
Laminae
Pedicles
What vertebral bodies does a typical rib articulate with?
Vertebral body of the same number as rib
The vertebral body of the one immediately above
(e.g. Rib 2 = T2 and T1)
What is the most common chest injury?
Rib fractures.
What ribs are most commonly fractured and why?
Ribs 5-10 ad they are relatively more exposed and fixed.
