Histology of the Bronchi, Bronchioles and Alveoli

Question 1

What is diagnostic histologically for an intrapulmonary bronchus?

Answer 1

Presence and discontinuous arrangement of hyaline cartilage.

Question 2

Is there cartilage in a bronchiole?

Answer 2

No.

Question 3

What does the trachea branch into?

Answer 3

Two primary bronchi which are extra pulmonary.

Question 4

What are the primary bronchi described as?

Answer 4

Extrapulmonary.

Question 5

What bronchi are described as being extrapulmonary?

Answer 5

Primary bronchi.

Question 6

What do the primary bronchi branch into?

Answer 6

Secondary and tertiary (segmental) bronchi which are intrapulmonary.

Question 7

How are the secondary and tertiary (segmental) bronchi described?

Answer 7

Intrapulmonary.

Question 8

What are the intrapulmonary bronchi?

Answer 8

Secondary and tertiary (segmental) bronchi.

Question 9

What are the segmental bronchi?

Answer 9

Tertiary bronchi.

Question 10

What do the tertiary bronchi branch into?

Answer 10

Bronchioles, the smallest of which are terminal bronchioles.

Question 11

What are the smallest bronchioles called?

Answer 11

Terminal bronchioles.

Question 12

What are the last components of the conduction portion of the respiratory system?

Answer 12

Terminal bronchioles.

Question 13

Does air-gas exchange occur in the terminal bronchioles?

Answer 13

No.

Question 14

What do terminal bronchioles give rise to?

Answer 14

Give rise to the respiratory bronchioles, which ultimately lead to the alveoli.

Question 15

What do the respiratory bronchioles lead to?

Answer 15

Alveoli.

Question 16

Does air-gas exchange occur in the respiratory bronchioles?

Answer 16

Yes.

Question 17

What can occur in the respiratory bronchioles?

Answer 17

Air-gas exchange.

Question 18

What histologically distinguishes a bronchus?

Answer 18

Hyaline cartilage plates.

Question 19

What histologically distinguishes a bronchiole?

Answer 19

Smooth muscle and sometimes cilia.

Question 20

Is there cartilage in bronchioles?

Answer 20

No.

Question 21

What feature is not present in bronchioles?

Answer 21

Cartilage.

Question 22

Are there glands or goblet cells in bronchioles?

Answer 22

No.

Question 23

What is the epithelium in bronchioles?

Answer 23

Either columnar or cuboidal.

Question 24

What adiditional cells do bronchioles possess?

Answer 24

Clara cells/club cells.

Question 25

What is the function of Clara / Club cells?

Answer 25

Production of surfactant.

Question 26

What cells produce surfactant?

Answer 26

Clara / Club cell.

Question 27

What is the diameter of the bronchioles reliant on?

Answer 27

Smooth muscle tone.

Question 28

What can cause an asthmatic attack?

Answer 28

Contraction od smooth muscles shutting the airways.

Question 29

What connective tissue fibres are found in the alveolar walls?

Answer 29

Elastin
Reticulin (type of collagen)
Blood

Question 30

What are the types of cell found in alveolar walls?

Answer 30

Type I
Type II
Macrophages

Question 31

What type of cell are Type I cells in the alveolar wall?

Answer 31

Squamous epithelium.

Question 32

What is the function of Type I cells in the alveolar walls?

Answer 32

Thin cells for gas exchange.

Question 33

What type of cells are Type II cells in the alveolar walls?

Answer 33

Pneumonocytes.

Question 34

What is the function of Type II cells in the alveolar walls?

Answer 34

Cuboidal cells for surfactant production.

Question 35

What is the function of macrophages in the alveolar wall?

Answer 35

White blood cells present for immune engulfing.