Plasma cells Flashcards

1
Q

Where are B cells derived from?

A

Bone marrow

- pluripotent haemopoietic stem cells

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2
Q

B cells form part of the innate/adaptive immune system?

A

Adaptive

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3
Q

What are the 2 main roles of B cells

A

Antibody production

Act as APCs

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4
Q

What are Ig’s ?

A

Antibodies produced by B cells

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5
Q

Name a Ig dimer

A

IgA

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6
Q

Name a Ig Pentamer

A

IgM

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7
Q

Name 3 Ig Monomers

A

IgD, IgE, IgG

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8
Q

The variable element of Ig is generated from?

A

V-D-J region recombination

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9
Q

Immature B cells with Ig on their surface do what?

A

Exit the bone marrow ready to meet their target

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10
Q

Once a B cell has left the bone marrow and is now in the periphery, where does it travel to

A

The follicle germinal centre of the lymph node as this is where it identifies an antigen

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11
Q

B cells can mature as ____ cells or may circulate as ______ cells

A

Mature as plasma cells

Circulate as Memory B cells

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12
Q

Each Ig is named after the type of heavy/light chain it has?

A

Heavy

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13
Q

Plasma cell - function

A

Pumps out antibody

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14
Q

Plasma cell - histological appearance

A

Clock face nucleus on H+E

Plentiful blue cytoplasm
Pale perinuclear area

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15
Q

Normally, the B cell and plasma cell repertoire will have several clones contributing to make antibodies of different specificity. Ie polyclonal. True or false?

A

True

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16
Q

In plasma cell dyscarias, there is monoclonal/polyclonal production of antibodies?

A

Monoclonal

  • one clone develops a fault, expands and takes over
  • all derived from clonal expression of a single B cell
17
Q

What is a monoclonal immunoglobulin known as?

A

Paraprotein

18
Q

What is paraprotein

A

Monoclonal Ig.

It is a marker of underlying clonal B-cell disorder.

19
Q

What investigation allows you to detect Ig

A

Serum electrophoresis

20
Q

Serum electrophoresis - explanation

A

Separated serum proteins appear as distinct bands or zones as proteins move at different rates determined by their size and charge.

Electrophpresis can detect abnormal protein bands

21
Q

Once you find an abnormal protein band (via serum electrophoresis), what investigation allows you to classify the abnormal protein band?

A

Serum immunofixation

22
Q

Where is bence jones protein found?

A

Urine

23
Q

How is bence jones protein detected?

A

Urine electrophoresis

24
Q

What is bence jones protein?

A

Excess light chain production by plasma cells during Ig synthesis. The excess light chains are found in the urine

25
Q

Free light chain production by normal plasma cells is ___ / day

A

0.5g

26
Q

Bence jones proteins can cause damage to which organ?

A

Kidneys