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Haematology SOH > Haemopoiesis > Flashcards

Haemopoiesis Flashcards

1
Q

Definition

A

Formation of blood cells

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2
Q

What are blood cells derived from

A

Small pool of stem cells

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3
Q

Which of the following has the shortest life span

  • platelets
  • neutrophils
  • red blood cells
A

Neutrophils

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4
Q

Which of the following has the longest life span:

  • platelets
  • neutrophils
  • red blood cells
A

Red blood cells

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5
Q

What is the average life span for RBCs

A

120 days

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6
Q

What is the average lifespan for neutrophils

A

7-8 hours

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7
Q

What is the average lifespan for platelets

A

7-10 days

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8
Q

If bone marrow production was to stop suddenly, what would be the first to drop?

  • platelets
  • neutrophils
  • red blood cells
A

Neutrophils (based on their lifespan)

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9
Q

Stem cells are able to self-renew. True or false?

A

True

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10
Q

Developmental events in haemopoiesis

A
  1. Stem cell self renewal
  2. Proliferation
  3. Differentiation (Lineage commitment)
  4. Maturation of descendents
  5. Apoptosis of descendants
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11
Q

Embryonically, where do haemopoietic stem cells originate?

A

Mesoderm

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12
Q

Name 4 sites of haemopoiesis in utero?

A

Mesoderm
Liver (starts at week 6)
Bone marrow
Spleen (starts at month 3)

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13
Q

In utero, at what stage in pregnancy does bone marrow haemopoiesis occur?

A

Month 4

week 16

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14
Q

At birth, what is the main site of haemopoiesis?

A

Bone marrow

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15
Q

In adults, what is the main site of haemopoiesis?

A

Bone marrow

  • axial skeleton
  • pelvis (PSIS)
  • proximal long bones
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16
Q

Bone marrow biopsy in a young child is likely to be taken from which area of the body?

A

Tibia

17
Q

Bone marrow biopsy in a young adult is likely to be taken from which area of the body?

A

Femur

18
Q

Bone marrow biopsy in an adult is likely to be taken from which area of the body?

A

PSIS (most common)

Sternum

19
Q

Bone marrow vasculature

A

Venous sinuses

20
Q

When comparing sinuses and capillaries: sinuses are SMALLER/LARGER than capillaries and they have a CONTINUOUS/DISCONTINUOUS basement membrane ?

A

Larger

Discontinuous

21
Q

Which marrow is actively producing red cells and platelets? Red or yellow?

A

Red

22
Q

Which marrow is fatty and inactive. Red or yellow?

A

Yellow

23
Q

There is an increase in red/yellow marrow with age?

A

Yellow

24
Q

Describe the myeloid:erythroid ratio

A

Relationship of neutrophils (and precursors) to proportion of nucleated red cell precursors

25
Q

The myeloid:erythroid ratio usually favours the myeloid (neutrophils)/erythroid (RBCs)? Why?

A

Myeloid (neutrophils)

- neutrophils have a shorter life span

26
Q

In what situation might the myeloid:erythroid ratio favour the RBCs?

A

In haemolysis, as a compensatory response

27
Q

What regulates erythropoiesis the most?

A

Concentration of Hb

28
Q

How do we investigate non-lymphoid mature cells?

A

Routinely undertaken (this is often sufficient enough)

  • blood count
  • cell indices
  • morphology

Specialist tests
- bone marrow examination

29
Q

How do we investigate lymphoid mature cells?

A

Immunophenotyping

30
Q

What is immunophenotyping?

A

Identify patterns of protein (antigen) expression unique to a cell lineage by using specific antibodies

31
Q

What does stem cell harvesting involve?

A

Moving haemopoietic stem cells from bone marrow –> blood –> collect the blood

32
Q

How do we assess normal, more mature non-lymphoid cells?

A 
Morphology 
- blood count and blood film 
Cell surface antigens 
- glycophorin A = red cells 
Enzyme expression 
- myeloperoxidase = neutrophils
33
Q

How do we assess/investigate normal progenitors/stem cells?

A

Immunophenotyping

34
Q

Why is immunophenotyping instead of morphology required for assessing stem cells ?

A

Since the stem cells all look alike, they cannot be distinguished morphologically

Haematology SOH (22 decks)

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