Anaemia

Question 1

name 2 causes of microcytic anaemia

Answer 1

Iron deficiency

thalaseamiea

Question 2

Blood film of iron deficiency anaemia. Which cells will be seen

Answer 2

Rod cells (pencil cells)

Question 3

name 2 causes of macryocytic anaemia (megaloblastic anaemia). WHY is this the case

Answer 3

B12 deficiency and Folate deficiency

- B12 and folate are essential co-factors for nuclear maturation.

Question 4

microcytic anaemia due to problem with

• cytoplasm
• nucleus

Answer 4

Cytoplasm

Question 5

Macrocytic anaemia due to problem with

• cytoplasm
• nucleus

Answer 5

Nucleus

- abnormal nuclear maturation (nucleus fails to divide)

Question 6

Most common cause of B12 deficiency

Answer 6

Pernicious anaemia

Question 7

Name 4 causes of B12 deficiency

Answer 7

Pernicious anaemia
Vegan
Gastrectomy
Coeliac disease

Question 8

Where is B12 absorbed

Answer 8

ileum

Question 9

Where is folate absorbed

Answer 9

Jejunum

Question 10

Which auto-antibodies do you check for in ?pernicious anaemia

Answer 10

anti Gastric parietal cell

anti Intrinsic factor

Question 11

How do you manage pernicious anaemia

Answer 11

Vit B 12 injections for life

Question 12

What is spurious macrocytosis

Name 2 causes

Answer 12

Volume of mature red cells is normal
but MCV is measured as high

Reticulocytosis (bigger than mature cells)
Cold agglutains

Question 13

Name an example of a normocytic anaemia

Answer 13

Anaemia of chronic disease

Question 14

Anaemia of chronic disease

• transferrin (increased/reduced)
• serum ferritin (increased/reduced)

Answer 14

Transferrin - reduced

Serum ferritin - increased

Question 15

Haemolytic anaemia

- microcytic/normocytic/macrocytic

Answer 15

Normocytic

Question 16

What will blood film of haemolytic anaemia show

Answer 16

Polychromatic red cells

- due to increased reticulocytosis

Question 17

Heinz bodies makes you think

Answer 17

G6PD deficiency

Question 18

Which kind of inheritance is G6PD deficiency

Answer 18

X-linked recessive

Question 19

Microcytic anaemia means

• nucleus problem
• cytoplasm problem

Answer 19

Cytoplasm problem

Question 20

Macrocytic anaemia means

• nucleus problem
• cytoplasm problem

Answer 20

Nucleus problem

Question 21

Which kind of anaemia is thalassaemia

Answer 21

Microcytic anaemia

Question 22

Target cells on blood film suggest (2)

Answer 22

Iron deficiency anaemia

Splenectomy

Question 23

Rod cells on blood film suggest

Answer 23

Iron deficiency anaemia

Question 24

Stores of folate / B12 last longer?

Answer 24

B12 - lasts 2-4 years

Folate - lasts 4 months

Question 25

Name main cause of non-megaloblastic macrocytic anaemia

Answer 25

Alcohol

Question 26

What is the best autoantibody to check for pernicious anaemia

Answer 26

anti-intrinsic factor antibody

Question 27

What should you treat first - B12 deficiency - folate deficiency WHY

Answer 27

Treat B12 deficiency first, otherwise you risk sub acute combined degeneration of the cord

Question 28

Management of pernicious anaemia

Answer 28

Vitamin B12 injections for life (hydroxycobalamin) | - administered every 3 months

Question 29

MCV in anaemia of chornic disease is typically

Answer 29

Normal - normocytic anaemia

Question 30

Adult levels of HbA are reached by X months of life?

Answer 30

6-12 months

Question 31

For oxygen to bind, iron must be in Fe 3+ / Fe 2+ state?

Answer 31

Must be in Fe2+ for oxygen to bind

Question 32

Oxygen dissociation curve shifts to the right. This means more/less oxygen is bound?

Answer 32

Less oxygen bound so more oxygen delivered to tissues

Question 33

if 3 alpha Hb genes are missing, what is this called

Answer 33

Alpha thalassaemia - HbH disease

Question 34

If there are 0 alpha Hb genes, what is this called?

Answer 34

Alpha thalassaemia - Hb barts hydrops foetalis

Question 35

What is the most severe form of alpha thalassaemia ?

Answer 35

Hb barts hydrops foetalis

Question 36

Management of beta thalasseamia trait

Answer 36

No management required

Question 37

Management of beta thalasaemia intermedia

Answer 37

Occasional transfusion

Question 38

6-24 month old, pale, failure to thrive, splenomegaly, target cells. What is likely diagnosis? and management?

Answer 38

Beta thalassaemia major | Tx: lifelong transfusion

Question 39

Howell Jolly bodies indicates

Answer 39

Post splenectomy

Question 40

Bone deformities occur in which type of anaemia

Answer 40

Thalassaemia

Question 41

What are the 3 main features of haemolytic anaemia

Answer 41

Jaundice Splenomegaly Anaemia

Question 42

patient that turns jaundice and becomes anaemic after eating broad beans, developing an infection or being treated with antimalarials. The underlying diagnosis might be

Answer 42

G6PD deficiency