plants part 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Root System functions

A

 Generally underground
 Obtains water and dissolved minerals for
the plant
 Anchors the plant firmly in place

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2
Q

Shoot System functions

A

 Generally aerial
 Obtains sunlight
 Exchanges gases
 CO2 , oxygen, water vapor

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3
Q

Shoot System Consists of

A

a vertical stem that bears leaves
 reproductive structures
buds

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4
Q

main organs

of photosynthesis)

A

leaves

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5
Q

buds are

A

 Buds (undeveloped embryonic shoots)

 develop on stems

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6
Q

Vascular Tissue System functions

A

 Conducts materials throughout plant body

 Provides strength and support

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7
Q

Xylem

A

Complex tissue, conducts water and

dissolved minerals

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8
Q

Conducting cells of xylem

A

tracheids

 vessel elements

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9
Q

Phloem

A

 Complex tissue, conducts sugar in solution

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10
Q

 Conducting cells of phloem

A

sieve tube elements

 assisted by companion cells

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11
Q

Dermal Tissue System is and contains

A

 Outer protective covering of plant body Epidermis or Periderm

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12
Q

 Epidermis is

A

complex tissue

 covers herbaceous plant body

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13
Q

Periderm is

A

complex tissue

 covers woody parts of plant body

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14
Q

Epidermis function

A

 Waxy cuticle reduces water loss
Stomata permit gas exchange
 Trichomes (outgrowths or hairs)

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15
Q

how does the  Waxy cuticle reduces water loss

A

secreted by epidermis covering aerial parts

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16
Q

how does the  Stomata permit gas exchange

A

 between shoot system and atmosphere

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17
Q

Growth in Plants _____ in specific regions called _____

A

Localized (meristems)

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18
Q

what are the 3 groth processes in plants

A

 cell division
 cell elongation
 cell differentiation

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19
Q

what 2 locations are Apical Meristems

A

 at tips of roots and shoots

 within buds of stems

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20
Q

Apical Meristems arwe Responsible for

A

primary growth

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21
Q

 Primary growth _____ roots and shoots throughout plants ____ ____ and occurs in ____ ___

A

lengthens, life span, all plants

22
Q

the 2 (______ and_____) cambiums are ______ meristems  Responsible for ______ _____

A

vascular, cork ,lateral secondary growth

23
Q

Secondary Growth

 Increase

A

stem or root girth (thickness)

24
Q

where does Secondary Growth occur

A

in long cylinders of meristematic cells

 throughout length of older stems and roots

25
Q

___ _____ have both ,_____ ______ in which they increase in height/length and _____ _____ in which they increase
in thickness.

A

Woody plants ,primary growth secondary growth

26
Q

Leaves have

A

Broad, flat blade
 Stalklike petiole
 Some also have stipules
 small, leaflike outgrowths from the base

27
Q

______ _____ coats epidermis helps plant survive dry terrestrial conditions

A

 Waxy cuticle

28
Q

_____ Covers _____ and ____ surfaces of leaf blade

A

epidermis upper, lower

29
Q

Stomata is the in epidermis

 permit for______ _____ photosynthesis

A

Small pores, gas exchange

30
Q

Stomata Surrounded by two _____ -_____

A

guard cells

_often associated with special epidermal cells(subsidiary cells)

31
Q

Mesophyll has

A

 Photosynthetic parenchyma cells

32
Q

what are the 2 types of Mesophyll

A

Palisade spongy mesophyll

33
Q

Palisade mesophyll

 functions

A

primarily for photosynthesis

34
Q

Spongy mesophyll

 functions

A

primarily for gas exchange

35
Q

 Monocot leaves have _____ venation Eudicot leaves

 have ____ venation

A

parallel, netted

36
Q

what are the 4 Adaptations for Photosynthesis

A

 Most leaves have broad, flattened blade, Stomata open during day, Transparent epidermis, Air spaces in mesophyll tissue

37
Q

in CAM plants the stomata open ____ because…

A

at night. arid environments

38
Q

where photosynthesis occurs on leaf sturcture

A

middle of leaf

39
Q

Transpiration is

A

Loss of water vapor from aerial parts of plants

40
Q

Transpiration occurs primarily

A

stomata

41
Q

Rate of Transpiration

 Affected by 3 environmental factors

A

temperature
 wind
 relative humidity

42
Q

Transpiration is _____ and _____to plant

A

beneficial and harmful

43
Q

Trade-off of Transpiration

A

CO2 requirement for photosynthesis

 need for water conservation

44
Q

Leaf Abscission is

A

 Loss of leaves (winter and dry period in tropical climates

with wet and dry seasons )

45
Q

list 6 leaves are modified for special funtions

A

Spines,Tendrils (warp around),Bud Scales ,Bulbs(onion) ,Succulent Leaves,Carnivorous Plants

46
Q

 Node on a stem is

A

 area on stem where leaf is attached

47
Q

Internode on a stem is

A

 region of stem between two nodes

48
Q

Vascular Cambium

 Lateral meristem that produces

A

secondary xylem (wood) and secondary phloem (inner bark)

49
Q

Cork Cambium Lateral meristem that produces

A

periderm cork parenchyma and cork cells

50
Q

 Cork cells

A

replaces epidermis in a woody stem

51
Q

Cork parenchyma

A

primarily for storage in a woody stem