Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes Flashcards

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1
Q

Osmoregulation (water and solute balance)

A

 active regulation of osmotic pressure of body
fluids
 maintains fluid and electrolyte homeostasis

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2
Q

Excretion

A

process of ridding body of metabolic wastes

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3
Q

Ammonia (toxic) excreted mainly by

A

aquatic animals

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4
Q

Urea (less toxic)
synthesis requires _____
excretion requires _____

A

energy, water

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5
Q

Uric acid (less toxic) excreted as

A

semisolid paste (conserves water

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6
Q

Osmoconformers

A

Most marine invertebrates

Salt concentration of body fluids varies with changes in sea water

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7
Q

Nephridial Organs Help maintain homeostasis by

A

regulating concentration of body fluids
 osmoregulation
excretion of metabolic wastes

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8
Q

Protonephridia are found in

A

flatwoms

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9
Q

Metanephridia are found in

A

earth worms

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10
Q

Malpighian Tubules found in

A

insects

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11
Q

Structure and function of vertebrate kidney adapted to

A

various osmotic challenges of

different habitats

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12
Q

Marine Mammals

Ingest sea water with their food produce a

A

concentrated urine
 usable water is a byproduct
of metabolism

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13
Q

Terrestrial Vertebrates

 Must conserve

A

water adaptations include efficient kidneys

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14
Q

Endotherms have a high

A

metabolic rate

 produce large volume of nitrogenous wastes

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15
Q

kidney urea pathwaty

A

kindney-> urerters->bladder-> ureuthra

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16
Q

Renal cortex

A

outer portion of kidney

17
Q

Renal medulla

A

inner portion of kidney contains 8 to 10 renal pyramids

18
Q

Renal pyramids

A

tip of each pyramid is a renal papilla

19
Q

Nephrons

A

functional units of kidney

each kidney has more than 1 million

20
Q

Each nephron consists of (3)

A

a cluster of capillaries (glomerulus)
 surrounded by a Bowman’s capsule
 that opens into a long, coiled renal tubule

21
Q

Renal tubule consists of

A

proximal convoluted tubule
 loop of Henle
 distal convoluted tubule

22
Q

Blood flow in kidney pathway )(4 steps)

A

from small branches of renal artery
 to afferent arterioles
 to glomerular capillaries
 into an efferent arteriole

23
Q

Efferent arteriole

 delivers blood into

A

peritubular capillaries that

surround the renal tubule

24
Q

Blood leaves kidney through

A

renal vein

25
Q

Blood entering a kidney via a renal artery will be

A

High in oxygen 2. Low in carbondioxide 3. Relatively high in excess salts4. Relatively high in nitrogenous wastes

26
Q

Blood leaving a kidney via a renal vein will be.

A

Low in oxygen 2. High in carbondioxide 3. Relatively low in excess salts4. Relatively low in nitrogenous wastes

27
Q

Filtration of ______
 Reabsorption of ________ ______
Secretion of _______ ______ ions into renal tubule

A

of plasma,needed materials, potassium, hydrogen

28
Q

Plasma filters through ______

capillaries into _______ ______

A

glomerular, Bowman’s capsule

29
Q

Filtration membrane

 permeable walls of

A

capillaries

 filtration slits between podocytes

30
Q

Podocytes

A

specialized epithelial cells

 make up inner wall of Bowman’s capsule

31
Q

Filtration is nonselective b/c

A

small molecules become part of filtrate glucose, other needed materials, metabolic
wastes

32
Q

______ of filtrate is reabsorbed from

renal tubules into blood

A

99%

33
Q

Secretion

A

Hydrogen ions, certain other ions, and
some drugs are actively transported into
renal tubule to become part of urine

34
Q

Urine

A

A watery solution of nitrogenous wastes,

excess salts, and other substances not needed by the body

35
Q

_______ pituitary increases ADH release when body needs to conserve water

A

Posterior

36
Q

ADH increases permeability

A

of collecting ducts to water