cirullatory immune respitory

Question 1

A circulatory system typically consists of
blood, _____, and a system of blood ____
or spaces through which bloodcirculates

Answer 1

heart, vessels

Question 2

sponges and flat worms have

Answer 2

No True Circulatory System

Question 3

Open Circulatory System Found in and are

Answer 3

arthropods, most mollusks
Blood” flows into a hemocoel
 bathing tissues directly

Question 4

Closed Circulatory System is

Answer 4

Blood flows through a continuous circuit of

blood vessels

Question 5

Circulatory System Helps maintain

Answer 5

fluid balance, pH, body temperature Defends body against infectious disease

Question 6

Plasma contains

Answer 6

Water and salts
 Substances in transport
 Plasma proteins
albumins
globulins
fibrinogen

Question 7

 Arteries carry blood

Answer 7

away from the heart

Question 8

Veins return blood

Answer 8

to the heart

Question 9

what do Arterioles do and how do they do it

Answer 9

constrict (vasoconstriction)
 dilate (vasodilation)
 Arterioles regulate blood pressure and
distribution of blood to tissues

Question 10

Capillaries are

Answer 10

thin-walled exchange vessels allow materials to transfer between blood and tissues

Question 11

During the evolution of terrestrial vertebrates, adaptations in circulatory
system structures led to maintenance of ____ ____ and ______ oxygen-rich from oxygen-poor blood

Answer 11

blood pressure seperate

Question 12

The four-chambered hearts and double

circuits of endothermic birds and mammals completely separate

Answer 12

oxygen rich blood from oxygen-poor blood

Question 13

in the Cardiac Cycle

One complete heartbeat is

Answer 13

Closing of AV valves

Closing of semilunar valves

Question 14

Blood Pressure is

Answer 14

The force blood exerts against inner walls

of the blood vessel

Question 15

Blood Pressure is greatest in ____ and Decreases in

Answer 15

arteries, capillaries

Question 16

Blood Pressure 2

Depends on

Answer 16

 cardiac output
 blood volume
 resistance to blood flow

Question 17

 Pulmonary circulation
 connects _____
 Systemic circulation
 connects _____

Answer 17

heart and lungs,heart and tissues

Question 18

Coronary arteries

Answer 18

 supply heart muscle with blood

Question 19

The Lymphatic System

Answer 19

Collects interstitial fluid, returns it to blood Defends body against disease
 Absorbs lipids from digestive tract

Question 20

Lymphatic vessels conduct

Answer 20

lymph

Question 21

 Lymph

Answer 21

 clear fluid formed from interstitial fluid

Question 22

Lymph nodes

Answer 22

small masses of tissue

 filter bacteria, harmful materials out of lymph

Question 23

what are First-Line Defenses in immune sys

Answer 23

skin, mucous linings of respiratory, digestive tracts Generally antimicrobial peptides

Question 24

Nonspecific Immune Cells

Answer 24

Phagocytes destroy bacteria (neutrophils

macrophages) Natural killer (NK) cells destroy cells

Question 25

Inflammatory Response sticks

Answer 25

Vasodilation (brings more blood to area of infection)
2. Increased capillary permeability (allows fluid and antibodies to leave
circulation and enter tissues)
3. Increased phagocytosis

Question 26

Inflammatory Response

Answer 26

Mast cells release histamine and other

compounds

Question 27

pathogens encounters antigens, immune

system produces

Answer 27

antibodies  highly specific proteins

 recognize and bind to specific antigens

Question 28

immunological memory

Answer 28

“remembers” foreign or dangerous molecules
 responds more strongly to repeated
encounters with the same molecules

Question 29

Cell-Mediated Immunity Specific T cells are activated and they

Answer 29

T cells release proteins
 destroy cells infected with viruses or other
intracellular pathogens

Question 30

antibody-Mediated Immunity Specific B cells are activated and they

Answer 30

B cells multiply and differentiate into

plasma cells which produce antibodies

Question 31

 Secondary immune response

 to second exposure to same antigen produces

Answer 31

more rapid, more intense than primary

response

Question 32

Active Immunity

 Develops after

Answer 32

exposure to antigens

May occurnaturally after recovery from a diseas artificially by immunization (vaccine)

Question 33

Passive Immunity (Temporary) happens when

Answer 33

Individual receives antibodies produced by

another person or animal

Question 34

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

Answer 34

Destroys T helper cells
 severely impairs immunity
 patient at risk for opportunistic infections

Question 35

Allergic Reaction

 Allergen stimulates production o

Answer 35

IgE combines with receptors on mast cells

Mast cells release histamine

Question 36

Systemic anaphylaxis

Answer 36

rapid, widespread allergic reaction

 can lead to death

Question 37

Adaptations for Gas Exchange Small aquatic animals

Answer 37

exchange gases by diffusion no specialized respiratory structures

Question 38

Adaptations for Gas Exchange most annelids) and some vertebrates (many amphibians

Answer 38

exchange gases across body surface

Question 39

Ciliated mucous lining traps inhaled

particles in

Answer 39

nose
 pharynx
 trachea
 bronchi

Question 40

About 60% of CO2 in blood is transported

as

Answer 40

bicarbonate ions
 About 30% combines with hemoglobin
 About 10% is dissolved in plasma