animal behavior Flashcards

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1
Q

animal behavior Proximate causes (immediate causes)

A

– genetic, developmental, physiological

– permit animal to carry out specific behavior

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2
Q

Cost–Benefit Analysis

Used to determine if

A

a behavior is adaptive

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3
Q

If benefits outweigh costs, behavior

A

is adaptive

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4
Q

Behavior results from

A

– interaction of genes (innate behavior)

– environmental factors

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5
Q

For an organism to perform a pattern of

behavior it must be

A

mature

– physiologically ready

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6
Q

Motor programs are

A

coordinated sequences of muscle actions

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7
Q

An automatic behavior (or, Fixed Action Pattern)

A

once activated by sensory stimulus, continues

to completion regardless of sensory feedback

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8
Q

An automatic behavior Can be triggered by (goose thing)

A
a specific unlearned
sign stimulus (releaser
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9
Q

Learning is a change of behavior

A

resulting from experience

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10
Q

Imprinting

A

Establishes a parent–offspring bond during a critical period early in development ensuring that offspring recognizes mother

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11
Q

Classical Conditioning

A

An association is formed between some

normal body function and a new stimulus

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12
Q

Operant Conditioning

A

An animal learns a behavior to receive positive reinforcement or to avoid punishment

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13
Q

Cognition Process of

A

gaining knowledge ,thinking, processing information, learning,reasoning

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14
Q

Insight learning ability to adapt

A

past experiences involving

different stimuli to solve a new problem

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15
Q

The capacity for behavior is ______, but
behavior is modified in response to_________ experience; this is _______
behavior

A

inherited, environmental,learned

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16
Q

Circadian rhythms

A

– daily cycles of activity or physiological processes

17
Q

Diurnal animals
– most active during the ____
Nocturnal animals
– most active at ___

A

day,night

18
Q

Crepuscular animals

– most active at

A

t dawn and/or dusk

19
Q

Migration

Ultimate causes

A

– benefit of leaving area that seasonally
becomes too cold, dry, depleted of food
– moving to more hospitable area
– Natural selection

20
Q

Directional Orientation

A

Travel in a specific direction

– requires compass sense (sense of direction)

21
Q

birds navigate

A

night using stars as
guides , Earth’s
magnetic field to navigate

22
Q

Optimal Foraging

A

Most efficient strategy for animal to get food

23
Q

Animal societies are characterized by

A

means of communication
– cooperation
– division of labor
– tendency to stay together

24
Q

Social Organization

Ensures

A

greater reproductive success for members of a society

25
Q

Home Range

A

Geographic area an animal inhabits and seldom leaves

– but does not necessarily defend

26
Q

Mate Choice

May be influenced by

A

dominance, gifts,

ornaments, courtship displays

27
Q

Males of some species gather in a lek which is

A

compete for females in small display area

28
Q

Polygyny

A

– a male mates with many females

29
Q

Polyandry

A

a female mates with several males

30
Q

Pair bond

– stable relationship

A

between male and female

– cooperative behavior in mating, rearing young