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G12 > Plants Have Organs, Too > Flashcards

Plants Have Organs, Too Flashcards

1
Q

Characteristics of Plants

A

Has cell walls
Can reproduce, sexually or asexually
Capable of photosynthesis
They are multicellular eukaryotes

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2
Q

Surface Tissue Protect

A

1.Protection against Physical Damage
2.Prevention of Water Loss
3.Defense Against Pathogens
4.Regulation of Gas Exchange

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3
Q

they are found in the leaves, stems, roots flowers, and fruits

Usually contain plastids.

In areas exposed to light, such as green leaves, chloroplastids are found where the photosynthesis takes place.

Areas not exposed to light, such as stems, fruits, and roots, colorless plastids predominate.

A

Parenchyma cells

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4
Q

function mainly as support

they can be found in areas that are growing rapidly and needed to be strengthened.

A

Collenchyma cells

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5
Q

_____ provide structural support to mature plant
tissues

A

Sclerenchyma cells

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6
Q

responsible for the transport of various substances throughout the plant.

A

Vascular tissues

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7
Q

There are two main types of vascular tissues:

A

xylem and phloem.

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8
Q

Process and structures involved in xylem

A

Transpiration; a group of hollow, dead cells

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9
Q

Process and structures involved in phloem

A

Translocation; a group of living cells

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10
Q

Level of organisation

A

Cell - Tissue - Organ - Organ System - Organism

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11
Q

are rigid, connective tissue structures that
form the skeletal framework of vertebrates, providing support, protection, and a framework for bodily movement.

A

Bones

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12
Q

refers to the central or main axis of the body. In anatomy, the term is commonly used to describe the central part of
the body that includes the head, neck, trunk, and spine.

A

Axial Skeleton

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13
Q

Is the skeletal structure that forms the skull, providing a protective enclosure for the brain

A

Cranium

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14
Q

is a bony structure that forms the head in vertebrates

A

Skull

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15
Q

Lower jaw or jawbone is the largest,
strongest and lowest bone in the human
face. It forms the lower jaw and holds
the lower teeth in place. sits beneath the maxilla. It is the only movable bone of the skull.

A

Mandible

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16
Q

Is a structure that runs along the back of an
organism. It is made up of a series of bones called vertebrae that are stacked on top of each other.

A

Spine (AKA vertebral column or backbone)

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17
Q

Is the bony structure that surrounds
and protects the organs of the thoracic
cavity, primarily the heart and lungs.

A

Ribcage (AKA thoracic cage)

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18
Q

There are __ pairs of ribs in the human
ribcage, and they are attached to the thoracic vertebrae in the back.

A

12, Ribs

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19
Q

Ribs are classified into:

A

1) true ribs (directly attached to the sternum)
2) false ribs (indirectly attached to the sternum or not attached at all)
3) floating ribs (not attached to the sternum)

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20
Q

Is a flat, elongated bone located at the front of the chest.

A

Sternum (Breastbone)

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21
Q

The sternum is consists of three parts:

A

the manubrium, body, and xiphoid process.

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22
Q

The _____ articulates with the clavicles (collarbones) and the first pair of ribs.

A

manubrium

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23
Q

is the portion of the skeleton that consists of the bones and structures associated with the limbs (arms and legs), as well as the pectoral girdle (shoulder) and pelvic girdle (hip).

A

Appendicular skeleton

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24
Q

It is named “_____” because these bones are considered appendages or limbs that append to the axial skeleton, which is the central part of the skeleton that includes the skull, spine, and ribcage.

A

appendicular

25
Q

The _____ is involved in movement, support, and manipulation of objects

A

appendicular skeleton

26
Q

In the appendicular skeleton, the term “____” refers to the upper and lower extremities or appendages of the body,
namely the arms and legs.

A

Limbs

27
Q

are responsible for various functions such as movement, manipulation, and support.

A

Limbs

28
Q

The ______ provides attachment sites for muscles and allows for mobility and dexterity in activities such as walking, running, reaching, and grasping.

A

appendicular skeleton

29
Q

It consists of two hip bones, also called coxal bones or innominate bones, which are joined at the front by a cartilage called the ____.

A

Pubic symphysis; PELVIC GIRDLE

30
Q

Provides support for the abdominal organs,
attaches the lower limbs to the axial skeleton, and allows for movement and stability during activities such as walking, running, and sitting.

A

PELVIC GIRDLE

31
Q

FIVE MAIN TYPES OF BONES

A
  • LONG BONES
  • SHORT BONES
  • FLAT BONES
  • IRREGULAR BONES
  • SESAMOID BONES
32
Q

SPECIALIZED TYPES OF BONES

A
  • PNEUMATIZED BONES
  • ACCESSORY BONES
33
Q

Description: Longer than they are wide, with a shaft and two ends.

Examples: Femur, humerus, radius, ulna, tibia, fibula.

A

Long bones

34
Q

Description: Roughly cube-shaped and nearly equal in length, width, and thickness.

Examples: Carpals (wrist bones), tarsals (ankle bones).

A

Short bones

35
Q

Description: Thin, flattened, and often curved.

Examples: Skull bones, scapula, ribs, sternum.

A

Flat bones

36
Q

Description: Don’t fit into the previous categories due to their complex shapes.

Examples: Vertebrae, facial bones.

A

Irregular bones

37
Q

Description: Small, round bones embedded within tendons.

Examples: Patella (kneecap).

A

Sesamoid bones

38
Q

Description: Contain air-filled spaces or sinuses.

Examples: Some skull bones, such as frontal and maxillary sinuses.

A

Pneumatic bones

39
Q

Description: Not present in all individuals and are considered variations.

Examples: Extra bones in the hands or feet, such as accessory navicular bone.

A

Accessory bones

40
Q

4 musculoskeletal system

A

Tendons, ligaments, cartilage, joints

41
Q

are fibrous connective tissues that connect muscles to bones. They are responsible
for transmitting the force generated by muscle contractions to produce movement.

A

Tendons

42
Q

are also fibrous connective tissues that connect bones to other bones, forming
joints. They provide stability and strength to the joints, preventing excessive or abnormal movement.

A

Ligaments

43
Q

is a flexible, rubbery connective tissue that covers the ends of bones and provides a
smooth surface for joint movement. It acts as a shock absorber and reduces friction between bones.

A

Cartilage

44
Q

are the places where bones come together. They allow for movement and flexibility.

A

Joints

45
Q

Joints can be classified into different types, such as:

A

1) hinge joints (allowing movement in one plane like the knee joint)

2) ball-and-socket joints (allowing movement in multiple directions like the shoulder joint)

3) pivot joints (enabling rotational movements like the joint between the radius and ulna in the forearm).

46
Q

The upper extremities, referred to as arms, encompass the subsequent elements:

A

Upper Limbs

47
Q

The area where the arm attaches to the trunk through the shoulder joint

A

Shoulder

48
Q

The segment of the limb spanning from the shoulder to the elbow

A

Arm

49
Q

The articulation between the arm and the forearm

A

Elbow

50
Q

The segment of the limb between the elbow and the wrist

A

Forearm

51
Q

The joint connecting the forearm to the hand

A

Wrist

52
Q

The terminal section of the upper limb, comprising the palm, fingers, and thumb

A

Hand

53
Q

The lower extremities, known as legs, comprise the following components:

A

Lower Limbs

54
Q

The region where the leg joins the trunk through the hip joint

A

Hip

55
Q

The segment of the limb between the hip and the knee

A

Thigh

56
Q

The junction between the thigh and the leg

A

Knee

57
Q

The segment of the limb between the knee and the ankle

A

Leg

58
Q

The articulation between the leg and the foot

A

Ankle

59
Q

The terminal part of the lower limb, encompassing the sole, toes, and heel

A

Foot

G12 (14 decks)

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