EAPP Flashcards
writing of a professional in a field
Academic Text
Using synonyms allows writers to use
words that are different from the original
text with the same or similar meanings in
the paraphrased text.
Paraphrase by using synonyms.
Changing a part of speech allows
writers to replace words with a new
part of speech, such as a noun to a
verb or an adjective to an adverb.
Paraphrase by changing words.
Instead of using numbers and
percentages, they can be represented
in other ways and should be accurate
and closely related to each other.
Paraphrase by Changing Numbers and Percentages.
allows writers to change
from the active voice to the
passive voice or vice versa.
Paraphrase by changing word order.
Record the details of the original source
(author’s name, date of publication, title,
publisher, publication place, URL)
ICE method
(Introduce
Cite and Explain).
To introduce a quotation in your writing, make sure to
mention the author’s full or last name, any significant
or necessary background information, and a signal
verb.
Introduce
Follow the expected format when you are quoting.
The copied text should be enclosed in quotation
marks, and should follow its original capitalization
and punctuation marks.
Cite
Do not forget to explain the quotations that you used.
Back up the quote with your own words,
explanations, and reasoning.
Explain
● It shows where you stand regarding the subject matter you are discussing.
● It tells the reader what they can expect from the rest of your paper.
● It directly answers a question posed to you.
● It makes a claim that can be disputed.
● It is a single sentence near the start of your paper that presents your argument
to the readers.
thesis statement:
TYPES OF OUTLINES
Topic Outline
Sentence Outline
only phrases or main ideas are needed.
utilizes wording that is parallel to one another.
a heading or subheading should not be divided into one
part only; if there is a concept under “A,” there must be a
“B.” If there is a “1,” there must be a “2.”
Topic Outline
The sentence outline makes use of sentences.
There is a lesser need to have parallelism between headings
and subheadings but
The same concept of divisions per heading should still be
followed
Sentence Outline
utilizes key words and concepts only
topic outline
utilizes complete sentences to organize ideas
sentence outline
a way to give credit to the authors whose creative and
intellectual work you used to support or supplement your own research.
It is also used to more easily locate particular sources as well as help avoid
plagiarism.
citation
It is the brief form of the reference that you include in
the body of your work, giving information to identify the source.
In-text Citation-
refers to the complete bibliographic entries of all
references used by the writer.
Reference Citation
“notes placed at the
bottom of a page. They cite
references or comment on a
designated part of the text above it”
FOOTNOTE
Note citing a particular
source or making a brief
explanatory comment placed
at the ___of a chapter or
section.
Endnote
How do you evaluate sources from printed materials?
Author
Currency
Accuracy of information
Location of sources
Qualities of academic text:
a. formal d. objective
b. structured e. precise
c. facts and evidences
Qualities of non-academic text:
a. personal d. subjective
b. impressionistic e. informal
c. emotional
writing for a mass audience
Non-academic Text
Structure of the Academic Text
Introduction, Body, Conclusion
Patterns of Development
● Definition
● Description
● Sequence
● Cause and effect
● Comparison and contrast
● Enumeration
IMRaD
I- INTRODUCTION
M-METHOD
R-RESULT
D-DISCUSSION
aims to discuss research topics,
explaining the topic and its intended
purpose.
IMRaD
