Plants and food (Chapter 10)

Question 1

What are plants and animals known as?

Answer 1

plants - producers
animals - consumers

Question 2

What is difference between chloroplasts and chlorophyll?

Answer 2

Chlorophyll - green pigment in the plant
Chloroplast - organelle that keep chlorophyll in plant

Question 3

Give the formula of photosynthesis?

Answer 3

6CO2 + 6H20 —-light energy—-> C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 4

In what part of the day does plant do more respiration and photosynthesis?

Answer 4

Day time - Photosynthesis > Respiration
Night time - Photosynthesis < Respiration

Question 5

Which prevent the water from entering or existing the leaf?

Answer 5

Waxy cuticle

Question 6

Tell the process of testing leaves for starch?

Answer 6

• Remove the wax by boiling in water
• Remove the color by boiling in ethanol
• Heat in a water bath
• Wash the leaf with cold water to soften it
• Add iodine solution
• Part of the plant that turns into blue black color has starch

Question 7

What are safety precautions when carrying out the testing leaves for starch experiment?

Answer 7

• Don’t heat the ethanol directly (heat it in water)
• Turn off Bunsen burner
• Wear gloves and goggles

Question 8

What are the conditions needed for photosynthesis?

Answer 8

• CO2
• (H20)
• Light
• Chloroplasts

Question 9

What do we needed to do before testing the condition needed for leaf to make starch?

Answer 9

We need to de-starch the plant by placing it in the dark for 2 or 3 days.

Question 10

Where are de-starched plants used?

Answer 10

They are used to find out the conditions needed for the plant to make more starch during photosynthesis.

Question 11

What are needed to test the need of chloroplast and CO2 during photosynthesis on the leaf?

Answer 11

Test for chloroplast - Variegated leaf
Test for CO2 - Soda lime

Question 12

What is a variegated plant?

Answer 12

A plant that has green and white areas on its leaves.

Question 13

What does soda lime do?

Answer 13

It absorbs the carbon dioxide.

Question 14

How can you test whether the plant produces oxygen?

Answer 14

When a piece of plant is placed in a test tube of water under bright light, it produces a stream of small bubbles meaning that it produces oxygen.

Question 15

Plant make starch directly.

Answer 15

False, they first produce glucose.

Question 16

How to test whether water is used in photosynthesis?

Answer 16

By supplying the plant with water with labeled atoms like heavy isotopes of oxygen (18 O)

Question 17

What is photosynthesis?

Answer 17

Photosynthesis is where a plant use carbon dioxide and water, in the presence of chlorophyll and light, to make glucose and oxygen.

Question 18

What is the role of chlorophyll?

Answer 18

To absorb the light energy needed for the reaction to take place.

Question 19

What does photosynthesis convert?

Answer 19

It converts light energy into chemical energy.

Question 20

Where does the chemical energy in the glucose originally come from?

Answer 20

Light trapped by the process of photosynthesis.

Question 21

Which plant organ is best adapted for photosynthesis?

Answer 21

Leaf

Question 22

What is needed for leaves to be able to photosynthesis efficiently?

Answer 22

They need to have

• a large surface area to absorb light
• many chloroplasts containing the
  chlorophyll
• a supply of water and carbon dioxide

Question 23

What does outer layers of the cell cover with?

Answer 23

Cuticle

Question 24

What is the function of a waxy cuticle?

Answer 24

• It reduces water loss through evaporation
• It acts as a barrier to the entry of pathogens.

Question 25

What does the lower epidermis have?

Answer 25

Stoma

Question 26

What is the function of a stoma?

Answer 26

It - allow carbon dioxide to diffuse into the leaf - oxygen and water vapor to diffuse out.

Question 27

How each stomata formed?

Answer 27

It is formed as a gap between two guard cells.

Question 28

Which change the shape of stomata?

Answer 28

Guard cells

Question 29

What layer is in the middle of the leaf?

Answer 29

palisade mesophyll layer, a tissue made of long, narrow cells, each containing hundreds of chloroplasts, and is the main site of photosynthesis.

Question 30

How upper epidermis allow light to pass through?

Answer 30

It is relative transparent

Question 31

What is below palisade layer?

Answer 31

Spongy mesophyll layer

Question 32

What is the function spongy cells?

Answer 32

They form the main gas exchange surface of the leaf, absorbing carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen and water vapor.

Question 33

Which allows the gases to diffuse in and out of the mesophyll?

Answer 33

Air spaces

Question 34

How are the water and mineral ions supplied to the leaf?

Answer 34

By xylem

Question 35

How the water get into mesophyll cells?

Answer 35

Water is absorb by the roots and passes up through the stem and through veins in the leaves.

Question 36

Which carry the products of photosynthesis by mesophyll cells?

Answer 36

The phloem

Question 37

What does the veins in the leaf contain?

Answer 37

xylem and phloem tissue

Question 38

Which supplies other parts of the plants with products of photosynthesis?

Answer 38

phloem

Question 39

How are water and minerals ions supplied to the leaf?

Answer 39

By xylem

Question 40

What does phloem carry?

Answer 40

Phloem carries only soluble substances such as sugars (mainly sucrose) and amino acids.

Question 41

What does the plant do when light intensity is high?

Answer 41

It carries out photosynthesis at a much higher rate than it respires.

Question 42

How carbon dioxide level in the atmosphere change throughout the day?

Answer 42

- Air contained the least carbon dioxide in the afternoon when photosynthesis was happening at the highest rate. - The level of carbon dioxide rose at night time when there was no photosynthesis

Question 43

What is used to indicate the changes in carbon dioxide concentration?

Answer 43

Hydrogen carbonate indicator solution

Question 44

What are the changes to hydrogen carbonate solution with different concentrations of carbon dioxide?

Answer 44

- High concentration of CO2 - yellow - CO2 in normal air - orange - Low concentration of CO2 - purple

Question 45

What are limiting factors of photosynthesis?

Answer 45

- Light intensity - Carbon dioxide concentration - Temperature

Question 46

What happen if the limiting factor is short supplied?

Answer 46

It will affect its reaction rate

Question 47

What is the main sugar carried in the phloem?

Answer 47

Sucrose

Question 48

Plant can convert glucose into what?

Answer 48

Lipids

Question 49

How does lipid used in plants?

Answer 49

- It is used for the membranes of the cell - For energy stored in many seeds and fruits

Question 50

What is another name for soil-free culture?

Answer 50

water culture

Question 51

Can plants be grown without soil?

Answer 51

Yes, if the correct balance of minerals is added to the water.

Question 52

What is a complete culture solution?

Answer 52

The solution contains chemicals that provide all the main elements the plants need to make proteins, DNA, chlorophyll, and other components from glucose.

Question 53

What does a shortage of a particular mineral result?

Answer 53

Mineral deficiency disease

Question 54

What are uses and deficiency symptoms of nitrate?

Answer 54

Uses - making amino acids, proteins, chlorophyll, DNA Deficiency symptom - Limited growth of plant, older leaves turn yellow

Question 55

What are uses and deficiency symptoms of phosphate?

Answer 55

Uses - making DNA; part of cell membranes Deficiency symptoms - poor root growth, younger leaves turn purple

Question 56

What are uses and deficiency symptoms of potassium?

Answer 56

Uses - needed for enzymes for respiration and photosynthesis to work Deficiency symptoms - leaves turn yellow with dead spots

Question 57

What are the uses and deficiency symptoms of magnesium?

Answer 57

Uses - part of the chlorophyll molecule Deficiency symptoms - leaves turn yellow

Question 58

What does a plant use to absorb mineral ions?

Answer 58

Active transport