Chemical coordination

Question 1

What is a gland?

Answer 1

Gland is a organ that release or secrete substances, they produce chemical which leave through the cell membrane and travel somewhere in the body to carries out its function.

Question 2

What are types of glands?

Answer 2

Exocrine
Endocrine

Question 3

What is difference between exocrine and endocrine gland?

Answer 3

Exocrine glands secrete their products through a tube called duct.

Endocrine glands have no ducts and they secrete the hormones into the blood vessels that pass through the glands.

Question 4

Why hormones can travel to all area of the body?

Answer 4

Because hormones are carried in the blood.

Question 5

What are the organs and tissue that certain hormones affect?

Answer 5

Target organs

Question 6

Which kind of tissues or organ does hormones affect?

Answer 6

Hormones affect particular tissues or organs which cells contain special chemical receptors for particular hormone.

Question 7

What is difference between nervous and endocrine system?

Answer 7

Nervous system

• Worked by nerve impulses transmitted through the nerve cells
• Nerve impulses travel fast and has instant effect
• Response for nervous system is short lived
• Nerve impulses have localized effect

Endocrine system

• Worked by the hormones transmitted through the blood stream
• Hormones travel slowly and take time to act
• Response for endocrine system is long lasting
• Hormones have widespread effect

Question 8

Where does pituitary gland are found?

Answer 8

At the base of the brain.

Question 9

Where does adrenal gland are found?

Answer 9

Above the kidneys

Question 10

Where do pancreas are found?

Answer 10

Between kidneys

Question 11

Which gland can be found in the neck?

Answer 11

Thyroid

Question 12

Which kind of hormone does pituitary produce?

Answer 12

Follicle stimulating hormones (FSH) which stimulate the egg development and oestrogen production in females and sperm production in males.

Luteinizing hormone (LH) which stimulate the egg release in female and production of testosterone in males.

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) which control the water contents of the blood.

Question 13

Which kind of hormone does thyroid produce?

Answer 13

Thyroid produce thyroxine which controls the metabolic rate.

Question 14

Which kind of hormone does pancreas produce?

Answer 14

Insulin which reduce the glucose level in blood
Glucagon which increases the glucose level in blood

Question 15

Which kind of hormone does adrenals produce?

Answer 15

Adrenaline which prepares body for physical activity

Question 16

Which kind of hormone does testes produce?

Answer 16

Testosterone which controls the development of male secondary sexual characteristics.

Question 17

Which kind of hormone does ovaries produce?

Answer 17

oestrogen which controls the development of female secondary sexual characteristics.

progesterone which regulate the menstrual cycle

Question 18

Is pancreas exocrine and endocrine?

Answer 18

It is both exocrine and endocrine

Question 19

Which control the hormone secretion of pituitary?

Answer 19

Hypothalamus

Question 20

When do our adrenal glands secrete adrenaline?

Answer 20

When we are afraid, excited or angry.

Question 21

What does adrenaline do to our body in flight and fight situation?

Answer 21

• Increase the breathing rate with deeper breathe, taking up more oxygen.
• Increase the heartbeat, sending more blood to the muscles to give more glucose and oxygen for respiration.
• Blood is diverted away from intestine, towards the muscle
• Glycogen in the liver turn back to glucose which muscle cells absorb for respiration
• Our pupils dilate, increase visual sensitivity to movement
• Body hair stands upright, making the animal look larger
• Our mental awareness increase, making our reactions faster.

Question 22

Other than flight and fight situation, in which situation, adrenaline is released in humans?

Answer 22

In stressful situations like exams or interviews.

Question 23

What does liver cell contain?

Answer 23

It contain glycogen

Question 24

When does adrenaline raise blood glucose concentration?

Answer 24

In emergency situation

Question 25

When other hormones control the glucose level in blood?

Answer 25

Other hormones act all the time to keep glucose level constant at a little less than 1 g of glucose every dm cube.

Question 26

What is the main hormone controlling glucose?

Answer 26

Insulin

Question 27

What does insulin do?

Answer 27

Insulin stimulate the liver cells to take up glucose and covert it into glycogen, which lowers the level of glucose in the blood.

Question 28

What happened to glucose in the liver?

Answer 28

In the liver, glucose is converted into glycogen by insulin

Question 29

What is diabetes disease?

Answer 29

Diabetes is a disease where the pancreas cannot make enough insulin to keep the constant blood glucose level.

Question 30

What is 2 ways diabetes can be tested?

Answer 30

By chemical test on urine
By special sensor

Question 31

Normal people have glucose in their urine.

Answer 31

False

Question 32

What is type 2 diabetes?

Answer 32

Type 2 diabetes is a disease where the pancreas produce insulin but the body shows insulin resistance, which means, insulin has less effect than it should do.

Question 33

Which kind of people are likely to have type 2 diabetes?

Answer 33

Overweight people and people who consume poor diet with plenty of sugary products.

Question 34

How to prevent type 2 diabetes?

Answer 34

By eating healthy diet and doing exercise regularly, the type 2 diabetes can be prevented.

Question 35

Why we become thirsty when we have diabetes?

Answer 35

Because high blood glucose level stimulate the receptors in the hypothalamus.

Question 36

What can severe diabetes can lead to?

Answer 36

Severe diabetes can lead to weight loss, become weak, fell into coma eventually died.

Question 37

What does people with diabetes (type 1) need to do?

Answer 37

They need to receive daily injections of insulin to keep constant blood glucose level.