plants

Question 1

what is osmosis

Answer 1

when water moves to an area of higher solute concentration through a semi-permeable barrier

Question 2

hypotonic

Answer 2

when a solution has a lower solute concentration than another solution

Question 3

hypertonic

Answer 3

when a solution has a higher solute concentration than another solution

Question 4

isotonic

Answer 4

when a solution has the same solute concentration than another solution

Question 5

what is the WORD equation of photosynthesis

Answer 5

carbon dioxide + water -> glucose + oxygen

Question 6

what is the balanced equation for photosynthesis

Answer 6

6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6 H12 O6 + 6O2

Question 7

how is a leaf adapted for photosynthesis

Answer 7

-high sf area to vol ratio
-thin leaf blade allows light to penetrate to leaves below
-lots of chloroplasts with chlorophyll
-stomata on underside to allow CO2 in

Question 8

what is the top mesophyll of a leaf called

Answer 8

palisade mesophyll

Question 9

what is the bottom mesophyll of the leaf called

Answer 9

spongy mesophyll
full of air pockets allowing for more CO2 to be absorbed

Question 10

what happens to excess glucose made by the plant?

Answer 10

It is converted into a carbohydrate called starch
At night, starch is broken down back into glucose to be used for respiration

Question 11

how to test for starch in a leaf?

Answer 11

• place leaf in boiling water to remove waxy cuticle
• place the leaf into a boiling tube of ethanol
• place the boiling tube into a beaker of hot water to remove the green colour
• after 5 minutes, remove the leaf and rinse it in hot water
• put the leaf on a white tile and cover with iodine

Question 12

how does iodine react to starch?

Answer 12

it goes from an orange to blue/black colour

Question 13

word equation of respiration

Answer 13

glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water

Question 14

what is a limiting factor?

Answer 14

a factor that slows down the rate of reaction if there is not enough of it

Question 15

what are the 3 limiting factors of photosynthesis?

Answer 15

-light intensity
-availability of carbon dioxide
-temperature

Question 16

why would a very high temperature slow the rate of photosynthesis

Answer 16

it would denature the enzymes in the plant, preventing the formation of enzyme-substrate complexes

Question 17

how to make algal balls

Answer 17

• use a pipette to place algae into a bijou bottle (plastic w lid)
• use a pipette to place sodium alginate into the bijou bottle
• tip bijou bottle back and forth to mix
• fill a beaker with 50ml calcium chloride
• pour bijou bottle into a syringe
• place syringe above beaker of CaCl and let algae drip into beaker
• rinse balls in distilled water

Question 18

what is dependent variable?

Answer 18

variable which changes based on other factors

Question 19

what is independent variable?

Answer 19

variable we change

Question 20

light intensity practical with algal balls:

Answer 20

• place rinsed algal balls in bijou bottles
• ensure every bottle has equal no of balls
• fill each bottle with indicator solution
• place bottles at diff distances from lamp (shown by 30cm ruler)
• after time, record pH colour
  -CO2 is acidic
• PURPLE: CO2 removed=closer to lamp
  -YELLOW: CO2 added=further from lamp

Question 21

cell wall

Answer 21

support cell structure
prevents lysis when absorbing water
freely permeable